Publications

@article{campo003,

title = {Entropy-Based Anomaly Detection in HouseholdElectricity Consumption},

author = {Marta Moure-Garrido and Celeste Campo-Vázquez and Carlos García-Rubio},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051837},

issn = {1996-1073},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-02},

urldate = {2022-03-02},

journal = {Energies},

volume = {15},

abstract = {Energy efficiency is one of the most important current challenges, and its impact at a global level is considerable. To solve current challenges, it is critical that consumers are able to control their energy consumption. In this paper, we propose using a time series of window-based entropy to detect anomalies in the electricity consumption of a household when the pattern of consumption behavior exhibits a change. We compare the accuracy of this approach with two machine learning approaches, random forest and neural networks, and with a statistical approach, the ARIMA model. We study whether these approaches detect the same anomalous periods. These different techniques have been evaluated using a real dataset obtained from different households with different consumption profiles from the Madrid Region. The entropy-based algorithm detects more days classified as anomalous according to context information compared to the other algorithms. This approach has the advantages that it does not require a training period and that it adapts dynamically to changes, except in vacation periods when consumption drops drastically and requires some time for adapting to the new situation.},

keywords = {anomaly detection, behavior pattern, compromise, cynamon, entropy, household electricity consumption, load forecasting, magos},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{campos004,

title = {Performance evaluation of CoAP and MQTT with security support for IoT environments},

author = {Victor Seoane-Merida and Carlos García-Rubio and Florina Almenares-Mendoza and Celeste Campo-Vázquez},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10016/33795},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108338},

issn = {1389-1286},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-04},

urldate = {2021-10-04},

journal = {COMPUTER NETWORKS},

volume = {197},

issue = {108338},

pages = {1-22},

abstract = {World is living an overwhelming explosion of smart devices: electronic gadgets, appliances, meters, cars, sensors, camera and even traffic lights, that are connected to the Internet to extend their capabilities, constituting what is known as Internet of Things (IoT). In these environments, the application layer is decisive for the quality of the connection, which has dependencies to the transport layer, mainly when secure communications are used. This paper analyses the performance offered by these two most popular protocols for the application layer: Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) and Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT). This analysis aims to examine the features and capabilities of the two protocols and to determine their feasibility to operate under constrained devices taking into account security support and diverse network conditions, unlike the previous works. Since IoT devices typically show battery constraints, the analysis is focused on bandwidth and CPU use, using realistic network scenarios, since this use translates to power consumption.},

keywords = {coap, cynamon, Internet of Things, magos, mqtt, Performance evaluation, Security},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Diaz_Sanchez_2019,

title = {DNS/DANE Collision-Based Distributed and Dynamic Authentication for Microservices in IoT †},

author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Andrés Marín-Lopez and Florina Almenárez Mendoza and Patricia Arias Cabarcos},

url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153292

/download/DNS_DANE_Collision-Based_Distributed_and_Dynamic_Authentication_for_Microservices_in_IoT.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153292},

issn = {1424-8220},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-07-26},

urldate = {2019-07-26},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {19},

issue = {15},

pages = {1-23},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {IoT devices provide real-time data to a rich ecosystem of services and applications. The volume of data and the involved subscribe/notify signaling will likely become a challenge also for access and core networks. To alleviate the core of the network, other technologies like fog computing can be used. On the security side, designers of IoT low-cost devices and applications often reuse old versions of development frameworks and software components that contain vulnerabilities. Many server applications today are designed using microservice architectures where components are easier to update. Thus, IoT can benefit from deploying microservices in the fog as it offers the required flexibility for the main players of ubiquitous computing: nomadic users. In such deployments, IoT devices need the dynamic instantiation of microservices. IoT microservices require certificates so they can be accessed securely. Thus, every microservice instance may require a newly-created domain name and a certificate. The DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) extension to Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) allows linking a certificate to a given domain name. Thus, the combination of DNSSEC and DANE provides microservices’ clients with secure information regarding the domain name, IP address, and server certificate of a given microservice. However, IoT microservices may be short-lived since devices can move from one local fog to another, forcing DNSSEC servers to sign zones whenever new changes occur. Considering DNSSEC and DANE were designed to cope with static services, coping with IoT dynamic microservice instantiation can throttle the scalability in the fog. To overcome this limitation, this article proposes a solution that modifies the DNSSEC/DANE signature mechanism using chameleon signatures and defining a new soft delegation scheme. Chameleon signatures are signatures computed over a chameleon hash, which have a property: a secret trapdoor function can be used to compute collisions to the hash. Since the hash is maintained, the signature does not have to be computed again. In the soft delegation schema, DNS servers obtain a trapdoor that allows performing changes in a constrained zone without affecting normal DNS operation. In this way, a server can receive this soft delegation and modify the DNS zone to cope with frequent changes such as microservice dynamic instantiation. Changes in the soft delegated zone are much faster and do not require the intervention of the DNS primary servers of the zone.},

keywords = {authentication, chameleon signatures, cynamon, DANE, DNSSEC, Internet of Things, magos, microservices},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{8704893,

title = {TLS/PKI Challenges and Certificate Pinning Techniques for IoT and M2M Secure Communications},

author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Andrés Marín-López and Florina Almenárez-Mendoza and Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and R. Simon-Sherratt},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2019.2914453

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8704893

https://phpmyadmin.pervasive.it.uc3m.es/download/TLC-PKI-challenges-certificate-pinning.pdf},

doi = {10.1109/COMST.2019.2914453},

issn = {1553-877X},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-02},

urldate = {2019-05-02},

journal = {IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials},

volume = {21},

issue = {4},

pages = {3502-3531},

abstract = {Transport layer security (TLS) is becoming the de facto standard to provide end-to-end security in the current Internet. IoT and M2M scenarios are not an exception since TLS is also being adopted there. The ability of TLS for negotiating any security parameter, its flexibility and extensibility are responsible for its wide adoption but also for several attacks. Moreover, as it relies on public key infrastructure (PKI) for authentication, it is also affected by PKI problems. Considering the advent of IoT/M2M scenarios and their particularities, it is necessary to have a closer look at TLS history to evaluate the potential challenges of using TLS and PKI in these scenarios. According to this, this paper provides a deep revision of several security aspects of TLS and PKI, with a particular focus on current certificate pinning solutions in order to illustrate the potential problems that should be addressed.},

keywords = {authentication, certificate pinning, cynamon, DTLS, Internet of Things, Machine to Machine, magos, PKI, Protocols, TLS, Trusted Third Party, Tutorials},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}