Contact information
| Name | Daniel Diaz-Sanchez |
| Phone | |
| public_email_address | |
| Address | Room 4.0.F04 Edificio Torres Quevedo, Avenida de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés |
| displayName | Daniel Díaz Sánchez |
Academic
| OrcidURL | |
| ResearchPortalURL | |
| jobline | Associate Professor |
| itWebPage | |
| LinkedInURL | |
| TwitterURL | |
| ResearchGateURL |
Bio Information
| Biography | Daniel Díaz Sánchez obtained his Telecommunication Engineering Degree from Carlos III University of Madrid in 2003. He joined the Telematic Engineering Department in 2004 as a researcher cooperating with Pervasive Computing Laboratory team in some European Projects as Ubisec and Trust-es. He continued with his research activities while he prepared his MsC and Ph.D degree. He obtained the MSC degree in Telematics in 2006 and his Ph.D in 2008. Now he is an associate professor of the Telematic Engineering Department. In 2009 he was given an especial PhD award from Universidad Carlos III and the best Ph.D thesis award on electronic commerce from La Caixa as part of the awards promoted by the Official Telecommunication Engineering Association. Daniel is member of IEEE and co-author of approximately 50 international publications. Among those publications there are contributions to Computer Networks, Telecommunication System Journal and Transactions on Consumer Electronics. Besides, he contributed also to several conferences organized by IEEE, ACM and IFIP. He contributed as researcher in some European projects as Ubisec, Netlab, EasyWireless, Planets or Trust-es and local projects as those financed by Spanish Ministry or the state of Madrid. Among his other research activities, he cooperates with industry partners in technology transfer projects Specialties: My research interests are focused on Pervasive Computing Security and Fog Computing. |
Daniel Díaz Sánchez obtained his Telecommunication Engineering Degree from Carlos III University of Madrid in 2003. He joined the Telematic Engineering Department in 2004 as a researcher cooperating with Pervasive Computing Laboratory team in some European Projects as Ubisec and Trust-es. He continued with his research activities while he prepared his MsC and Ph.D degree. He obtained the MSC degree in Telematics in 2006 and his Ph.D in 2008. Now he is an associate professor of the Telematic Engineering Department. In 2009 he was given an especial PhD award from Universidad Carlos III and the best Ph.D thesis award on electronic commerce from La Caixa as part of the awards promoted by the Official Telecommunication Engineering Association. Daniel is member of IEEE and co-author of approximately 50 international publications. Among those publications there are contributions to Computer Networks, Telecommunication System Journal and Transactions on Consumer Electronics. Besides, he contributed also to several conferences organized by IEEE, ACM and IFIP. He contributed as researcher in some European projects as Ubisec, Netlab, EasyWireless, Planets or Trust-es and local projects as those financed by Spanish Ministry or the state of Madrid. Among his other research activities, he cooperates with industry partners in technology transfer projects Specialties: My research interests are focused on Pervasive Computing Security and Fog Computing.
Contact
Phone
Address
Room 4.0.F04 Edificio Torres Quevedo, Avenida de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés
Publications
Blanco-Romero, Javier; Lorenzo, Vicente; Almenares, Florina; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; and Celeste Campo,; García-Rubio, Carlos
Integrating Post-Quantum Cryptography into CoAP and MQTT-SN Protocols Conference
2024 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), IEEE, 2024, ISBN: 979-8-3503-5424-9.
@conference{javierblanco002,
title = {Integrating Post-Quantum Cryptography into CoAP and MQTT-SN Protocols},
author = {Javier Blanco-Romero and Vicente Lorenzo and Florina Almenares and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and and Celeste Campo and Carlos García-Rubio},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10733716/figures#figures},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCC61673.2024.10733716},
isbn = {979-8-3503-5424-9},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-10-31},
urldate = {2024-10-31},
booktitle = {2024 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is a practical and cost-effective solution to defend against emerging quantum computing threats. So, leading worldwide security agencies and standardization bodies strongly advocate for the proactive integration of PQ cryptography into underlying frameworks to support applications, protocols, and services. The current research predominantly addresses the incorporation of PQC in Internet communication protocols such as HTTP and DNS; nevertheless, the focus on embedded devices has been limited to evaluating PQC’s integration within TLS/DTLS in isolation. Hence, there is a notable gap in understanding how PQC impacts IoT-specific communication protocols. This paper presents the integration of PQC into two communication protocols specifically tailored for IoT devices, the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) and MQTT for Sensor Networks (MQTT-SN), via the wolfSSL library. These two integrations contribute to the understanding of PQC’s implications for IoT communication protocols.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is a practical and cost-effective solution to defend against emerging quantum computing threats. So, leading worldwide security agencies and standardization bodies strongly advocate for the proactive integration of PQ cryptography into underlying frameworks to support applications, protocols, and services. The current research predominantly addresses the incorporation of PQC in Internet communication protocols such as HTTP and DNS; nevertheless, the focus on embedded devices has been limited to evaluating PQC’s integration within TLS/DTLS in isolation. Hence, there is a notable gap in understanding how PQC impacts IoT-specific communication protocols. This paper presents the integration of PQC into two communication protocols specifically tailored for IoT devices, the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) and MQTT for Sensor Networks (MQTT-SN), via the wolfSSL library. These two integrations contribute to the understanding of PQC’s implications for IoT communication protocols.
Blanco-Romero, Javier; Lorenzo, Vicente; Almenares, Florina; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; García-Rubio, Carlos; Campo, Celeste; Marín, Andrés
Evaluating integration methods of a quantum random number generator in OpenSSL for TLS Journal Article
In: vol. 255, 2024, ISBN: 1389-1286.
@article{javierblanco003,
title = {Evaluating integration methods of a quantum random number generator in OpenSSL for TLS},
author = {Javier Blanco-Romero and Vicente Lorenzo and Florina Almenares and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Carlos García-Rubio and Celeste Campo and Andrés Marín},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128624007096?via%3Dihub},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2024.110877},
isbn = {1389-1286},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-10-25},
urldate = {2024-10-25},
volume = {255},
publisher = {Computer Networks},
abstract = {The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to conventional cryptography. Whilst post-quantum cryptography (PQC) stands as the prevailing trend for fortifying the security of cryptographic systems, the coexistence of quantum and classical computing paradigms presents an opportunity to leverage the strengths of both technologies, for instance, nowadays the use of Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) – considered as True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) – opens up the possibility of discussing hybrid systems. In this paper, we evaluate both aspects, on the one hand, we use hybrid TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocol that leverages the widely used secure protocol on the Internet and integrates PQC algorithms, and, on the other hand, we evaluate two approaches to integrate a QRNG, i.e., Quantis PCIe-240M, in OpenSSL 3.0 to be used by TLS. Both approaches are compared through a Nginx Web server, that uses OpenSSL’s implementation of TLS 1.3 for secure web communication. Our findings highlight the importance of optimizing such integration method, because while direct integration can lead to performance penalties specific to the method and hardware used, alternative methods demonstrate the potential for efficient QRNG deployment in cryptographic systems.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to conventional cryptography. Whilst post-quantum cryptography (PQC) stands as the prevailing trend for fortifying the security of cryptographic systems, the coexistence of quantum and classical computing paradigms presents an opportunity to leverage the strengths of both technologies, for instance, nowadays the use of Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) – considered as True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) – opens up the possibility of discussing hybrid systems. In this paper, we evaluate both aspects, on the one hand, we use hybrid TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocol that leverages the widely used secure protocol on the Internet and integrates PQC algorithms, and, on the other hand, we evaluate two approaches to integrate a QRNG, i.e., Quantis PCIe-240M, in OpenSSL 3.0 to be used by TLS. Both approaches are compared through a Nginx Web server, that uses OpenSSL’s implementation of TLS 1.3 for secure web communication. Our findings highlight the importance of optimizing such integration method, because while direct integration can lead to performance penalties specific to the method and hardware used, alternative methods demonstrate the potential for efficient QRNG deployment in cryptographic systems.
Lorenzo, Vicente; Blanco-Romero, Javier; Almenares, Florina; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; García-Rubio, Carlos; Campo, Celeste; Marín, Andrés
Comparing Pseudo, Classical True and Quantum Random Number Generators Using Standard Quality Assessments Conference
XVIII Reunión Española sobre Criptología y Seguridad de la Información (RECSI 2024), León, 23 al 25 de Octubre, 2024., 2024.
@conference{nokey,
title = {Comparing Pseudo, Classical True and Quantum Random Number Generators Using Standard Quality Assessments},
author = {Vicente Lorenzo and Javier Blanco-Romero and Florina Almenares and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Carlos García-Rubio and Celeste Campo and Andrés Marín},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-10-25},
urldate = {2024-10-25},
booktitle = {XVIII Reunión Española sobre Criptología y Seguridad de la Información (RECSI 2024), León, 23 al 25 de Octubre, 2024.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Campo-Vázquez, Celeste; García-Rubio, Carlos; Jimenez-Berenguel, Andrea; Moure-Garrido, Marta; Almenares-Mendoza, Florina; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel
Inferring mobile applications usage from DNS traffic Proceedings Article
In: Ad Hoc Networks, Elsevier B.V., 2024.
@inproceedings{campo012,
title = {Inferring mobile applications usage from DNS traffic},
author = {Celeste Campo-Vázquez and Carlos García-Rubio and Andrea Jimenez-Berenguel and Marta Moure-Garrido and Florina Almenares-Mendoza and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez },
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570870524002129#d1e710},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2024.103601},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-07-19},
urldate = {2024-07-19},
booktitle = {Ad Hoc Networks},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
abstract = {In the digital era, our lives are intrinsically linked to the daily use of mobile applications. As a consequence, we generate and transmit a large amount of personal data that puts our privacy in danger. Despite having encrypted communications, the DNS traffic is usually not encrypted, and it is possible to extract valuable information from the traffic generated by mobile applications. This study focuses on the analysis of the DNS traffic behavior found in mobile application traces, developing a methodology capable of identifying mobile applications based on the domains they query. With this methodology, we were able to identify apps with 98% accuracy. Furthermore, we have validated the effectiveness of the characterization obtained with one dataset by identifying traces from other independent datasets. The evaluation showed that the methodology provides successful results in identifying mobile applications.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In the digital era, our lives are intrinsically linked to the daily use of mobile applications. As a consequence, we generate and transmit a large amount of personal data that puts our privacy in danger. Despite having encrypted communications, the DNS traffic is usually not encrypted, and it is possible to extract valuable information from the traffic generated by mobile applications. This study focuses on the analysis of the DNS traffic behavior found in mobile application traces, developing a methodology capable of identifying mobile applications based on the domains they query. With this methodology, we were able to identify apps with 98% accuracy. Furthermore, we have validated the effectiveness of the characterization obtained with one dataset by identifying traces from other independent datasets. The evaluation showed that the methodology provides successful results in identifying mobile applications.
Blanco-Romero, Javier; Lorenzo, Vicente; Almenares-Mendoza, Florina; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Serrano-Navarro, Adrián
PQSec-DDS: Integrating Post-Quantum Cryptography into DDS Security for Robotic Applications Proceedings Article
In: IX Jornadas Nacionales de Investigación en Ciberseguridad - JNIC 2024, pp. 396-403, Universidad de Sevilla , 2024, ISBN: 978-84-09-62140-8.
@inproceedings{javierblanco001,
title = {PQSec-DDS: Integrating Post-Quantum Cryptography into DDS Security for Robotic Applications},
author = {Javier Blanco-Romero and Vicente Lorenzo and Florina Almenares-Mendoza and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Adrián Serrano-Navarro},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/11441/159179
https://idus.us.es/handle/11441/159179
https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/159179/ActasJNIC24%20%282%20ed%29.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y},
isbn = {978-84-09-62140-8},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-05-28},
urldate = {2024-05-28},
booktitle = {IX Jornadas Nacionales de Investigación en Ciberseguridad - JNIC 2024},
pages = {396-403},
publisher = {Universidad de Sevilla },
abstract = {Leading cybersecurity agencies and standardization bodies have globally emphasized the critical need to transition towards Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) to defend against
emerging quantum computing threats. They advocate PQC as a practical and cost-effective solution for security systems nowadays. Nevertheless, emerging technologies such as industrial systems, e.g., autonomous vehicles, air traffic management, diagnostic imaging machines, etc., and robotics systems, e.g., ROS2 (Robotic Operating System), have not started their evolution to enhance crypto-agility and security robustness. Some of these emerging technologies use the Data Distribution Service (DDS)
standard as the underlying communication middleware protocol. DDS is a distributed publish-subscribe system that allows sending and receiving data by publishing and subscribing to topics across a network of connected nodes. However, DDS’s security is based on traditional symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, which is vulnerable to quantum computing attacks. To address this issue, we propose the integration of PQC into DDS, through the development of a C/C++ library, called pqsec-dds, which can be integrated across different DDS implementations such as CycloneDDS or OpenDDS. A proof-of-concept demonstrates the viability of our approach in enhancing the security and cryptoagility of DDS-based systems.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Leading cybersecurity agencies and standardization bodies have globally emphasized the critical need to transition towards Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) to defend against
emerging quantum computing threats. They advocate PQC as a practical and cost-effective solution for security systems nowadays. Nevertheless, emerging technologies such as industrial systems, e.g., autonomous vehicles, air traffic management, diagnostic imaging machines, etc., and robotics systems, e.g., ROS2 (Robotic Operating System), have not started their evolution to enhance crypto-agility and security robustness. Some of these emerging technologies use the Data Distribution Service (DDS)
standard as the underlying communication middleware protocol. DDS is a distributed publish-subscribe system that allows sending and receiving data by publishing and subscribing to topics across a network of connected nodes. However, DDS’s security is based on traditional symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, which is vulnerable to quantum computing attacks. To address this issue, we propose the integration of PQC into DDS, through the development of a C/C++ library, called pqsec-dds, which can be integrated across different DDS implementations such as CycloneDDS or OpenDDS. A proof-of-concept demonstrates the viability of our approach in enhancing the security and cryptoagility of DDS-based systems.
emerging quantum computing threats. They advocate PQC as a practical and cost-effective solution for security systems nowadays. Nevertheless, emerging technologies such as industrial systems, e.g., autonomous vehicles, air traffic management, diagnostic imaging machines, etc., and robotics systems, e.g., ROS2 (Robotic Operating System), have not started their evolution to enhance crypto-agility and security robustness. Some of these emerging technologies use the Data Distribution Service (DDS)
standard as the underlying communication middleware protocol. DDS is a distributed publish-subscribe system that allows sending and receiving data by publishing and subscribing to topics across a network of connected nodes. However, DDS’s security is based on traditional symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, which is vulnerable to quantum computing attacks. To address this issue, we propose the integration of PQC into DDS, through the development of a C/C++ library, called pqsec-dds, which can be integrated across different DDS implementations such as CycloneDDS or OpenDDS. A proof-of-concept demonstrates the viability of our approach in enhancing the security and cryptoagility of DDS-based systems.
Chica, Sergio; Marín-López, Andrés; Arroyo, David; Almenares-Mendoza, Florina; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel
Enhancing the anonymity and auditability of whistleblowers protection Proceedings Article
In: pp. 413 - 422, Springer International Publishing, 2023, ISBN: 978-3-031-21229-1.
@inproceedings{pa057,
title = {Enhancing the anonymity and auditability of whistleblowers protection},
author = {Sergio Chica and Andrés Marín-López and David Arroyo and Florina Almenares-Mendoza and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21229-1_38},
isbn = {978-3-031-21229-1},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-08},
pages = {413 - 422},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
abstract = {In our democracy a trade-off between checks and balances is mandatory. To play the role of balances, it is necessary to have information that is often only obtainable through channels that ensure the anonymity of the source. Here we present a work in progress of a system that provides anonymity to sources in a open and auditable system, oriented to audit systems of critical infrastructure and built on our previous work autoauditor.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In our democracy a trade-off between checks and balances is mandatory. To play the role of balances, it is necessary to have information that is often only obtainable through channels that ensure the anonymity of the source. Here we present a work in progress of a system that provides anonymity to sources in a open and auditable system, oriented to audit systems of critical infrastructure and built on our previous work autoauditor.
Díaz-Sanchez, Daniel; Almenarez-Mendoza, Florina; Marín-López, Andres; Rojo-Rivas, Isabel
A Hybrid Approach to Ephemeral PKI Credentials Validation and Auditing Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing & Ambient Intelligence (UCAmI 2022), pp. 1043 - 1054, Springer International Publishing, 2022, ISBN: 978-3-031-21332-8.
@inproceedings{pa056,
title = {A Hybrid Approach to Ephemeral PKI Credentials Validation and Auditing},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sanchez and Florina Almenarez-Mendoza and Andres Marín-López and Isabel Rojo-Rivas },
isbn = {978-3-031-21332-8},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-12-20},
urldate = {2022-12-20},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing & Ambient Intelligence (UCAmI 2022)},
pages = {1043 - 1054},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
abstract = {IoT/M2M solutions are expected to rely on near computing infrastructures for deployment of services, frequently ephemeral, that will need adequate protection. Communication protocols in IoT services have widely adopted TLS/PKI as the de facto security standard despite PKI was not designed for issuing short lived credentials. Moreover, after several Certificate Authorities were compromised, some Certificate Pinning proposal were developed to give an additional verification to PKI certificates. Some Certificate Pinning solutions, as Certificate Transparency, provide long term auditing information for PKI certificates issued by renowned Certificate Authorities only, whereas others, as DANE, are able to verify self-issued certificates and give support for security islands that would benefit the development of IoT/M2M micro services but cannot provide long term auditing information. This article describe DANEAudits, a novel service with the objective of complementing DANE with long term auditing information without the need of new Trusted Third Parties different from the information owner.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
IoT/M2M solutions are expected to rely on near computing infrastructures for deployment of services, frequently ephemeral, that will need adequate protection. Communication protocols in IoT services have widely adopted TLS/PKI as the de facto security standard despite PKI was not designed for issuing short lived credentials. Moreover, after several Certificate Authorities were compromised, some Certificate Pinning proposal were developed to give an additional verification to PKI certificates. Some Certificate Pinning solutions, as Certificate Transparency, provide long term auditing information for PKI certificates issued by renowned Certificate Authorities only, whereas others, as DANE, are able to verify self-issued certificates and give support for security islands that would benefit the development of IoT/M2M micro services but cannot provide long term auditing information. This article describe DANEAudits, a novel service with the objective of complementing DANE with long term auditing information without the need of new Trusted Third Parties different from the information owner.
Chica, Sergio; Marín, Andrés; Arroyo-Guardeño, David; Díaz, Jesús; Almenares, Florina; Díaz, Daniel
Enhancing the anonymity and auditability of whistleblowers protection Conference
2022.
@conference{almenarez015,
title = {Enhancing the anonymity and auditability of whistleblowers protection},
author = {Sergio Chica and Andrés Marín and David Arroyo-Guardeño and Jesús Díaz and Florina Almenares and Daniel Díaz },
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10261/275765},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/14702},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-30},
urldate = {2022-11-30},
abstract = { In our democracy a trade-off between checks and balances is mandatory. To play the role of balances, it is necessary to have information that is often only obtainable through channels that ensure the anonymity of the source. Here we present a work in progress of a system that provides anonymity to sources in a open and auditable system, oriented to audit systems of critical infrastructure and built on our previous work autoauditor.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
In our democracy a trade-off between checks and balances is mandatory. To play the role of balances, it is necessary to have information that is often only obtainable through channels that ensure the anonymity of the source. Here we present a work in progress of a system that provides anonymity to sources in a open and auditable system, oriented to audit systems of critical infrastructure and built on our previous work autoauditor.
Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Guerrero, Rosa Sánchez; López, Andrés Marín; Almenares, Florina; Arias, Patricia
A H.264 SVC distributed content protection system with flexible key stream generation Proceedings Article
In: 2012 IEEE Second International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin), IEEE, 2022, ISSN: 2166-6814.
@inproceedings{PA012,
title = {A H.264 SVC distributed content protection system with flexible key stream generation},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Rosa Sánchez Guerrero and Andrés Marín López and Florina Almenares and Patricia Arias},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6336520},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE-Berlin.2012.6336520},
issn = {2166-6814},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-22},
urldate = {2022-10-22},
booktitle = {2012 IEEE Second International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin)},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {Modern scalable coding techniques, as H264 SVC, are adequate to save processing power and bandwidth. Moreover, if the enhancements of a SVC encoded content are protected, it is possible to enable pay-per-quality systems. Transcoding and protection entail huge doses of processing power at provider side and should be distributed. Moreover, processing key streams to decrypt enhancements that were encrypted separately can increase the complexity at receiver side. This abstract describes a distributed system for content encoding and protection that generates a flexible key stream that simplifies the receiver.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Modern scalable coding techniques, as H264 SVC, are adequate to save processing power and bandwidth. Moreover, if the enhancements of a SVC encoded content are protected, it is possible to enable pay-per-quality systems. Transcoding and protection entail huge doses of processing power at provider side and should be distributed. Moreover, processing key streams to decrypt enhancements that were encrypted separately can increase the complexity at receiver side. This abstract describes a distributed system for content encoding and protection that generates a flexible key stream that simplifies the receiver.
Rojo-Rivas, MaríaIsabel; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Almenarez, Florina; Marín-Lopez, Andrés
Kriper: A blockchain network with permissioned storage Journal Article
In: Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 138, pp. 160-171, 2022, ISSN: 0167-739X.
@article{diazsanchez010,
title = {Kriper: A blockchain network with permissioned storage},
author = {MaríaIsabel Rojo-Rivas and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Florina Almenarez and Andrés Marín-Lopez},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.08.006},
issn = {0167-739X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-08-17},
urldate = {2022-08-17},
journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems},
volume = {138},
pages = {160-171},
abstract = {Blockchain has been a revolution in the past few years. Beyond the new currencies that were created around different incarnations of the blockchain concept, there are many other contributions that provide interesting services as a data linked structure using a decentralized network that provide a high level of security. Companies have developed many projects to incorporate blockchain into their business logic pursuing to incorporate other related services as persistence of large volumes of data, privacy or anonymity of transactions, distributed data processing, security (confidentiality, integrity, and availability), document management or micro messages in real time. Nevertheless, as it will be discussed in this article, current blockchains do not meet the needs of companies in many aspects, leading to a scarce or superficial adoption. This article introduces Kriper, a blockchain that aims at meeting corporate world needs by responding with a community-based, open blockchain that may also be segregated and private for certain uses whereas it provides a permissioned distributed storage and micro message lightweight services.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Blockchain has been a revolution in the past few years. Beyond the new currencies that were created around different incarnations of the blockchain concept, there are many other contributions that provide interesting services as a data linked structure using a decentralized network that provide a high level of security. Companies have developed many projects to incorporate blockchain into their business logic pursuing to incorporate other related services as persistence of large volumes of data, privacy or anonymity of transactions, distributed data processing, security (confidentiality, integrity, and availability), document management or micro messages in real time. Nevertheless, as it will be discussed in this article, current blockchains do not meet the needs of companies in many aspects, leading to a scarce or superficial adoption. This article introduces Kriper, a blockchain that aims at meeting corporate world needs by responding with a community-based, open blockchain that may also be segregated and private for certain uses whereas it provides a permissioned distributed storage and micro message lightweight services.
Marín-López, Andrés; Chica-Manjarrez, Sergio; Arroyo, David; Almenares-Mendoza, Florina; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel
Security Information Sharing in Smart Grids: Persisting Security Audits to the Blockchain Journal Article
In: Electronics, vol. 9, pp. 1865, 2020, ISSN: 2079-9292.
@article{marin002,
title = {Security Information Sharing in Smart Grids: Persisting Security Audits to the Blockchain},
author = {Andrés Marín-López and Sergio Chica-Manjarrez and David Arroyo and Florina Almenares-Mendoza and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez },
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/11/1865
},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111865},
issn = {2079-9292},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-06},
urldate = {2020-11-06},
journal = {Electronics},
volume = {9},
pages = {1865},
abstract = {With the transformation in smart grids, power grid companies are becoming increasingly
dependent on data networks. Data networks are used to transport information and commands for
optimizing power grid operations: Planning, generation, transportation, and distribution. Performing
periodic security audits is one of the required tasks for securing networks, and we proposed in a
previous work AUTOAUDITOR, a system to achieve automatic auditing. It was designed according
to the specific requirements of power grid companies, such as scaling with the huge number of
heterogeneous equipment in power grid companies. Though pentesting and security audits are
required for continuous monitoring, collaboration is of utmost importance to fight cyber threats.
In this paper we work on the accountability of audit results and explore how the list of audit result
records can be included in a blockchain, since blockchains are by design resistant to data modification.
Moreover, blockchains endowed with smart contracts functionality boost the automation of both
digital evidence gathering, audit, and controlled information exchange. To our knowledge, no such
system exists. We perform throughput evaluation to assess the feasibility of the system and show
that the system is viable for adaptation to the inventory systems of electrical companies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
With the transformation in smart grids, power grid companies are becoming increasingly
dependent on data networks. Data networks are used to transport information and commands for
optimizing power grid operations: Planning, generation, transportation, and distribution. Performing
periodic security audits is one of the required tasks for securing networks, and we proposed in a
previous work AUTOAUDITOR, a system to achieve automatic auditing. It was designed according
to the specific requirements of power grid companies, such as scaling with the huge number of
heterogeneous equipment in power grid companies. Though pentesting and security audits are
required for continuous monitoring, collaboration is of utmost importance to fight cyber threats.
In this paper we work on the accountability of audit results and explore how the list of audit result
records can be included in a blockchain, since blockchains are by design resistant to data modification.
Moreover, blockchains endowed with smart contracts functionality boost the automation of both
digital evidence gathering, audit, and controlled information exchange. To our knowledge, no such
system exists. We perform throughput evaluation to assess the feasibility of the system and show
that the system is viable for adaptation to the inventory systems of electrical companies.
dependent on data networks. Data networks are used to transport information and commands for
optimizing power grid operations: Planning, generation, transportation, and distribution. Performing
periodic security audits is one of the required tasks for securing networks, and we proposed in a
previous work AUTOAUDITOR, a system to achieve automatic auditing. It was designed according
to the specific requirements of power grid companies, such as scaling with the huge number of
heterogeneous equipment in power grid companies. Though pentesting and security audits are
required for continuous monitoring, collaboration is of utmost importance to fight cyber threats.
In this paper we work on the accountability of audit results and explore how the list of audit result
records can be included in a blockchain, since blockchains are by design resistant to data modification.
Moreover, blockchains endowed with smart contracts functionality boost the automation of both
digital evidence gathering, audit, and controlled information exchange. To our knowledge, no such
system exists. We perform throughput evaluation to assess the feasibility of the system and show
that the system is viable for adaptation to the inventory systems of electrical companies.
Bernabé-Sánchez, Iván; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Muñoz-Organero, Mario
Specification and Unattended Deployment of Home Networks at the Edge of the Network Journal Article
In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, vol. 66, iss. 4, pp. 279 - 288, 2020, ISSN: 0098-3063.
@article{diazsanchez009,
title = {Specification and Unattended Deployment of Home Networks at the Edge of the Network},
author = {Iván Bernabé-Sánchez and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Mario Muñoz-Organero},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9173527},
doi = {10.1109/TCE.2020.3018543},
issn = {0098-3063},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-08-21},
urldate = {2020-08-21},
journal = {IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS},
volume = {66},
issue = {4},
pages = {279 - 288},
abstract = {Consumer devices continue to expand their capabilities by connecting to digital services and other devices to form information-sharing ecosystems. This is complex and requires meeting connection requirements and minimal processing capabilities to ensure communication. The emergence of new services, and the evolution of current technologies, constantly redefine the rules of the game by opening up new possibilities and increasing competition among service providers. Paradigms such as edge computing, softwarization of physical devices, self-configuration mechanisms, definition of software as a code and interoperability between devices, define design principles to be taken into account in future service infrastructures. This work analyzes these principles and presents a programmable architecture in which services and virtual devices are instantiated in any computing infrastructure, as cloud or edge computing, upon request according to the needs specified by service providers or users. Considering that the target computing infrastructures are heterogeneous, the solution defines network elements and provides network templates to ensure it can be deployed on different infrastructures irrespectively of the vendor. A prototype has been developed and tested on a virtualized cloud-based home network relying on open source solutions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Consumer devices continue to expand their capabilities by connecting to digital services and other devices to form information-sharing ecosystems. This is complex and requires meeting connection requirements and minimal processing capabilities to ensure communication. The emergence of new services, and the evolution of current technologies, constantly redefine the rules of the game by opening up new possibilities and increasing competition among service providers. Paradigms such as edge computing, softwarization of physical devices, self-configuration mechanisms, definition of software as a code and interoperability between devices, define design principles to be taken into account in future service infrastructures. This work analyzes these principles and presents a programmable architecture in which services and virtual devices are instantiated in any computing infrastructure, as cloud or edge computing, upon request according to the needs specified by service providers or users. Considering that the target computing infrastructures are heterogeneous, the solution defines network elements and provides network templates to ensure it can be deployed on different infrastructures irrespectively of the vendor. A prototype has been developed and tested on a virtualized cloud-based home network relying on open source solutions.
Chica-Manjarrez, Sergio; Marín-López, Andrés; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Almenares-Mendoza, Florina
On the Automation of Auditing in Power Grid Companies Proceedings Article
In: Actas de congreso internacional, Citas Google 2, CORE C, pp. 331 - 340, 2020, ISBN: ISSN/ISBN) 978-1-4503-5988-7.
@inproceedings{pa054,
title = {On the Automation of Auditing in Power Grid Companies},
author = {Sergio Chica-Manjarrez and Andrés Marín-López and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Florina Almenares-Mendoza},
doi = {10.3233/AISE200057},
isbn = {ISSN/ISBN) 978-1-4503-5988-7},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-07-23},
urldate = {2020-07-23},
booktitle = {Actas de congreso internacional, Citas Google 2, CORE C},
pages = {331 - 340},
abstract = {Auditing is a common task required to secure networks. This becomes of utter importance in power grid companies, the authorities of electricity supply. An increasing number of connected devices makes the use of semi automatic or fully automated auditing imperative. The inventory system has to incorporate the auditing results and subsequently integrate them in the security assessment of the company. The risk metrics incorporate the severity of exposures and facilitate the selection of vulnerabilities that have to be mitigated, according to the risk appetite of the company. This automatic approach has to address scale and privacy issues of large companies. In addition, connections from foreign domains that carry out the auditing involve additional risks that must be considered to effectively test the likelihood and depth of the found vulnerabilities.
In this paper we discuss the requirements of an automatic auditing system and present AUTOAUDITOR, a highly configurable module which allow companies to automatically perform pentesting in specific assets.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Auditing is a common task required to secure networks. This becomes of utter importance in power grid companies, the authorities of electricity supply. An increasing number of connected devices makes the use of semi automatic or fully automated auditing imperative. The inventory system has to incorporate the auditing results and subsequently integrate them in the security assessment of the company. The risk metrics incorporate the severity of exposures and facilitate the selection of vulnerabilities that have to be mitigated, according to the risk appetite of the company. This automatic approach has to address scale and privacy issues of large companies. In addition, connections from foreign domains that carry out the auditing involve additional risks that must be considered to effectively test the likelihood and depth of the found vulnerabilities.
In this paper we discuss the requirements of an automatic auditing system and present AUTOAUDITOR, a highly configurable module which allow companies to automatically perform pentesting in specific assets.
In this paper we discuss the requirements of an automatic auditing system and present AUTOAUDITOR, a highly configurable module which allow companies to automatically perform pentesting in specific assets.
Rubio-Drosdov, Eugenio; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Marín-López, Andrés; Almenares-Mendoza, Florina
A Framework for Microservice Migration and Performance Assessment Proceedings Article
In: pp. 291 - 299, 2020, ISBN: 978-1-4503-5988-7.
@inproceedings{pa059,
title = {A Framework for Microservice Migration and Performance Assessment},
author = {Eugenio Rubio-Drosdov and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Andrés Marín-López and Florina Almenares-Mendoza},
doi = {doi:10.3233/AISE200053},
isbn = {978-1-4503-5988-7},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-25},
urldate = {2020-06-25},
pages = {291 - 299},
abstract = {In a large Smart Grid, smart meters produce tremendous amount of data that are hard to process, analyze and store. Fog computing is an environment that offers a place for collecting, computing and storing smart meter data before transmitting them to the cloud. Due to the distributed, heterogeneous and resource constrained nature of the fog computing nodes, fog applications need to be developed as a collection of interdependent, lightweight modules. Since this concept aligns with the goals of microservices architecture (MSA), efficient placement of microservices-based Smart Grid applications within fog environments has the potential to fully leverage capabilities of fog devices. Microservice architecture is an emerging software architectural style. It is based on microservices to provide several advantages over a monolithic solution, such as autonomy, composability, scalability, and fault-tolerance. However, optimizing the migration of microservices from one fog environment to other while assuring certain quality is still a big issue that needs to be addressed. In this paper, we propose an approach for assisting the migration of microservices in MSA-based Smart Grid systems, based on the analysis of their performance within the possible candidate destinations. Developers create microservices that will be eventually deployed at a given infrastructure. Either the developer, cosidering the design, or the entity deploying the service have a good knowledge of the quality required by the microservice. Due to that, they can create tests that determine if a destination meets the requirements of a given microservice and embed these tests as part of the microservice. Our goal is to automate the execution of performance tests by attaching a specification that contains the test parameters to each microservice.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In a large Smart Grid, smart meters produce tremendous amount of data that are hard to process, analyze and store. Fog computing is an environment that offers a place for collecting, computing and storing smart meter data before transmitting them to the cloud. Due to the distributed, heterogeneous and resource constrained nature of the fog computing nodes, fog applications need to be developed as a collection of interdependent, lightweight modules. Since this concept aligns with the goals of microservices architecture (MSA), efficient placement of microservices-based Smart Grid applications within fog environments has the potential to fully leverage capabilities of fog devices. Microservice architecture is an emerging software architectural style. It is based on microservices to provide several advantages over a monolithic solution, such as autonomy, composability, scalability, and fault-tolerance. However, optimizing the migration of microservices from one fog environment to other while assuring certain quality is still a big issue that needs to be addressed. In this paper, we propose an approach for assisting the migration of microservices in MSA-based Smart Grid systems, based on the analysis of their performance within the possible candidate destinations. Developers create microservices that will be eventually deployed at a given infrastructure. Either the developer, cosidering the design, or the entity deploying the service have a good knowledge of the quality required by the microservice. Due to that, they can create tests that determine if a destination meets the requirements of a given microservice and embed these tests as part of the microservice. Our goal is to automate the execution of performance tests by attaching a specification that contains the test parameters to each microservice.
AGUILAR-IGARTUA, MÓNICA; ALMENARES-MENDOZA, FLORINA; DÍAZ-REDONDO, REBECA; MARTÍN-VICENTE, MANUELA; FORNÉ, JORDI; CAMPO, CELESTE; FERNÁNDEZ-VILAS, ANA; CRUZ-LLOPIS, LUIS; GARCÍA-RUBIO, CARLOS; MARÍN-LÓPEZ, ANDRÉS; MOHAMAD-MEZHER, AHMAD; DÍAZ-SÁNCHEZ, DANIEL; CEREZO-COSTAS, HÉCTOR; REBOLLO-MONEDERO, DAVID; ARIAS-CABARCOS, PATRICIA; RICO-NOVELLA, FRANCISCO JOSÉ
INRISCO: INcident monitoRing in Smart COmmunities Journal Article
In: IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 72435 - 72460, 2020, ISSN: 2169-3536.
@article{almenarez006,
title = {INRISCO: INcident monitoRing in Smart COmmunities},
author = {MÓNICA AGUILAR-IGARTUA AND FLORINA ALMENARES-MENDOZA AND REBECA DÍAZ-REDONDO AND MANUELA MARTÍN-VICENTE AND JORDI FORNÉ AND CELESTE CAMPO AND ANA FERNÁNDEZ-VILAS AND LUIS CRUZ-LLOPIS AND CARLOS GARCÍA-RUBIO AND ANDRÉS MARÍN-LÓPEZ AND AHMAD MOHAMAD-MEZHER AND DANIEL DÍAZ-SÁNCHEZ AND HÉCTOR CEREZO-COSTAS AND DAVID REBOLLO-MONEDERO AND PATRICIA ARIAS-CABARCOS AND FRANCISCO JOSÉ RICO-NOVELLA
},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9064504
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9064504},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2987483},
issn = {2169-3536},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-04-13},
urldate = {2020-04-13},
journal = {IEEE Access},
volume = {8},
pages = {72435 - 72460},
abstract = {Major advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) make citizens to be considered as sensors in motion. Carrying their mobile devices, moving in their connected vehicles or actively participating in social networks, citizens provide a wealth of information that, after properly processing, can support numerous applications for the benefit of the community. In the context of smart communities, the INRISCO [1] proposal intends for (i) the early detection of abnormal situations in cities (i.e., incidents), (ii) the analysis of whether, according to their impact, those incidents are really adverse for the community; and (iii) the automatic actuation by dissemination of appropriate information to citizens and authorities. Thus, INRISCO will identify and report on incidents in traffic (jam, accident) or public infrastructure (e.g., works, street cut), the occurrence of specific events that affect other citizens' life (e.g., demonstrations, concerts), or environmental problems (e.g., pollution, bad weather). It is of particular interest to this proposal the identification of incidents with a social and economic impact, which affects the quality of life of citizens.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Major advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) make citizens to be considered as sensors in motion. Carrying their mobile devices, moving in their connected vehicles or actively participating in social networks, citizens provide a wealth of information that, after properly processing, can support numerous applications for the benefit of the community. In the context of smart communities, the INRISCO [1] proposal intends for (i) the early detection of abnormal situations in cities (i.e., incidents), (ii) the analysis of whether, according to their impact, those incidents are really adverse for the community; and (iii) the automatic actuation by dissemination of appropriate information to citizens and authorities. Thus, INRISCO will identify and report on incidents in traffic (jam, accident) or public infrastructure (e.g., works, street cut), the occurrence of specific events that affect other citizens' life (e.g., demonstrations, concerts), or environmental problems (e.g., pollution, bad weather). It is of particular interest to this proposal the identification of incidents with a social and economic impact, which affects the quality of life of citizens.
Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Marín-Lopez, Andrés; Mendoza, Florina Almenárez; Cabarcos, Patricia Arias
DNS/DANE Collision-Based Distributed and Dynamic Authentication for Microservices in IoT † Journal Article
In: Sensors, vol. 19, iss. 15, pp. 1-23, 2019, ISSN: 1424-8220.
@article{Diaz_Sanchez_2019,
title = {DNS/DANE Collision-Based Distributed and Dynamic Authentication for Microservices in IoT †},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Andrés Marín-Lopez and Florina Almenárez Mendoza and Patricia Arias Cabarcos},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153292
/download/DNS_DANE_Collision-Based_Distributed_and_Dynamic_Authentication_for_Microservices_in_IoT.pdf},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153292},
issn = {1424-8220},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-26},
urldate = {2019-07-26},
journal = {Sensors},
volume = {19},
issue = {15},
pages = {1-23},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {IoT devices provide real-time data to a rich ecosystem of services and applications. The volume of data and the involved subscribe/notify signaling will likely become a challenge also for access and core networks. To alleviate the core of the network, other technologies like fog computing can be used. On the security side, designers of IoT low-cost devices and applications often reuse old versions of development frameworks and software components that contain vulnerabilities. Many server applications today are designed using microservice architectures where components are easier to update. Thus, IoT can benefit from deploying microservices in the fog as it offers the required flexibility for the main players of ubiquitous computing: nomadic users. In such deployments, IoT devices need the dynamic instantiation of microservices. IoT microservices require certificates so they can be accessed securely. Thus, every microservice instance may require a newly-created domain name and a certificate. The DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) extension to Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) allows linking a certificate to a given domain name. Thus, the combination of DNSSEC and DANE provides microservices’ clients with secure information regarding the domain name, IP address, and server certificate of a given microservice. However, IoT microservices may be short-lived since devices can move from one local fog to another, forcing DNSSEC servers to sign zones whenever new changes occur. Considering DNSSEC and DANE were designed to cope with static services, coping with IoT dynamic microservice instantiation can throttle the scalability in the fog. To overcome this limitation, this article proposes a solution that modifies the DNSSEC/DANE signature mechanism using chameleon signatures and defining a new soft delegation scheme. Chameleon signatures are signatures computed over a chameleon hash, which have a property: a secret trapdoor function can be used to compute collisions to the hash. Since the hash is maintained, the signature does not have to be computed again. In the soft delegation schema, DNS servers obtain a trapdoor that allows performing changes in a constrained zone without affecting normal DNS operation. In this way, a server can receive this soft delegation and modify the DNS zone to cope with frequent changes such as microservice dynamic instantiation. Changes in the soft delegated zone are much faster and do not require the intervention of the DNS primary servers of the zone.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
IoT devices provide real-time data to a rich ecosystem of services and applications. The volume of data and the involved subscribe/notify signaling will likely become a challenge also for access and core networks. To alleviate the core of the network, other technologies like fog computing can be used. On the security side, designers of IoT low-cost devices and applications often reuse old versions of development frameworks and software components that contain vulnerabilities. Many server applications today are designed using microservice architectures where components are easier to update. Thus, IoT can benefit from deploying microservices in the fog as it offers the required flexibility for the main players of ubiquitous computing: nomadic users. In such deployments, IoT devices need the dynamic instantiation of microservices. IoT microservices require certificates so they can be accessed securely. Thus, every microservice instance may require a newly-created domain name and a certificate. The DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) extension to Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) allows linking a certificate to a given domain name. Thus, the combination of DNSSEC and DANE provides microservices’ clients with secure information regarding the domain name, IP address, and server certificate of a given microservice. However, IoT microservices may be short-lived since devices can move from one local fog to another, forcing DNSSEC servers to sign zones whenever new changes occur. Considering DNSSEC and DANE were designed to cope with static services, coping with IoT dynamic microservice instantiation can throttle the scalability in the fog. To overcome this limitation, this article proposes a solution that modifies the DNSSEC/DANE signature mechanism using chameleon signatures and defining a new soft delegation scheme. Chameleon signatures are signatures computed over a chameleon hash, which have a property: a secret trapdoor function can be used to compute collisions to the hash. Since the hash is maintained, the signature does not have to be computed again. In the soft delegation schema, DNS servers obtain a trapdoor that allows performing changes in a constrained zone without affecting normal DNS operation. In this way, a server can receive this soft delegation and modify the DNS zone to cope with frequent changes such as microservice dynamic instantiation. Changes in the soft delegated zone are much faster and do not require the intervention of the DNS primary servers of the zone.
Simon-Sherratt, Robert; Janko, Balazs; Hui, Terence; S.-Harwin, William; Dey, Nilanjan; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Wang, Jin; Shi, Fuqian
Task Scheduling to Constrain Peak Current Consumption in Wearable Healthcare Sensors Journal Article
In: Electronics, vol. 8, pp. 789, 2019, ISSN: 2079-9292.
@article{diazsanchez011,
title = {Task Scheduling to Constrain Peak Current Consumption in Wearable Healthcare Sensors},
author = {Robert Simon-Sherratt and Balazs Janko and Terence Hui and William S.-Harwin and Nilanjan Dey and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Jin Wang and Fuqian Shi},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070789
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/7/789
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/7/789/pdf?version=1563172692},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070789},
issn = {2079-9292},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-15},
urldate = {2019-07-15},
journal = {Electronics},
volume = {8},
pages = {789},
abstract = {Small embedded systems, in our case wearable healthcare devices, have significant engineering challenges to reduce their power consumption for longer battery life, while at the same time supporting ever-increasing processing requirements for more intelligent applications. Research has primarily focused on achieving lower power operation through hardware designs and intelligent methods of scheduling software tasks, all with the objective of minimizing the overall consumed electrical power. However, such an approach inevitably creates points in time where software tasks and peripherals coincide to draw large peaks of electrical current, creating short-term electrical stress for the battery and power regulators, and adding to electromagnetic interference emissions. This position paper proposes that the power profile of an embedded device using a real-time operating system (RTOS) will significantly benefit if the task scheduler is modified to be informed of the electrical current profile required for each task. This enables the task scheduler to schedule tasks that require large amounts of current to be spread over time, thus constraining the peak current that the system will draw. We propose a solution to inform the task scheduler of a tasks’ power profile, and we discuss our application scenario, which clearly benefited from the proposal.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Small embedded systems, in our case wearable healthcare devices, have significant engineering challenges to reduce their power consumption for longer battery life, while at the same time supporting ever-increasing processing requirements for more intelligent applications. Research has primarily focused on achieving lower power operation through hardware designs and intelligent methods of scheduling software tasks, all with the objective of minimizing the overall consumed electrical power. However, such an approach inevitably creates points in time where software tasks and peripherals coincide to draw large peaks of electrical current, creating short-term electrical stress for the battery and power regulators, and adding to electromagnetic interference emissions. This position paper proposes that the power profile of an embedded device using a real-time operating system (RTOS) will significantly benefit if the task scheduler is modified to be informed of the electrical current profile required for each task. This enables the task scheduler to schedule tasks that require large amounts of current to be spread over time, thus constraining the peak current that the system will draw. We propose a solution to inform the task scheduler of a tasks’ power profile, and we discuss our application scenario, which clearly benefited from the proposal.
Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Marín-López, Andrés; Almenárez-Mendoza, Florina; Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia; Simon-Sherratt, R.
TLS/PKI Challenges and Certificate Pinning Techniques for IoT and M2M Secure Communications Journal Article
In: IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 21, iss. 4, pp. 3502-3531, 2019, ISSN: 1553-877X.
@article{8704893,
title = {TLS/PKI Challenges and Certificate Pinning Techniques for IoT and M2M Secure Communications},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Andrés Marín-López and Florina Almenárez-Mendoza and Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and R. Simon-Sherratt},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2019.2914453
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8704893
https://phpmyadmin.pervasive.it.uc3m.es/download/TLC-PKI-challenges-certificate-pinning.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/COMST.2019.2914453},
issn = {1553-877X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-02},
urldate = {2019-05-02},
journal = {IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials},
volume = {21},
issue = {4},
pages = {3502-3531},
abstract = {Transport layer security (TLS) is becoming the de facto standard to provide end-to-end security in the current Internet. IoT and M2M scenarios are not an exception since TLS is also being adopted there. The ability of TLS for negotiating any security parameter, its flexibility and extensibility are responsible for its wide adoption but also for several attacks. Moreover, as it relies on public key infrastructure (PKI) for authentication, it is also affected by PKI problems. Considering the advent of IoT/M2M scenarios and their particularities, it is necessary to have a closer look at TLS history to evaluate the potential challenges of using TLS and PKI in these scenarios. According to this, this paper provides a deep revision of several security aspects of TLS and PKI, with a particular focus on current certificate pinning solutions in order to illustrate the potential problems that should be addressed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Transport layer security (TLS) is becoming the de facto standard to provide end-to-end security in the current Internet. IoT and M2M scenarios are not an exception since TLS is also being adopted there. The ability of TLS for negotiating any security parameter, its flexibility and extensibility are responsible for its wide adoption but also for several attacks. Moreover, as it relies on public key infrastructure (PKI) for authentication, it is also affected by PKI problems. Considering the advent of IoT/M2M scenarios and their particularities, it is necessary to have a closer look at TLS history to evaluate the potential challenges of using TLS and PKI in these scenarios. According to this, this paper provides a deep revision of several security aspects of TLS and PKI, with a particular focus on current certificate pinning solutions in order to illustrate the potential problems that should be addressed.
Seiler-Hwang, Sunyoung; Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia; Marín, Andrés; Almenares, Florina; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Becker, Christian
I Don'T See Why I Would Ever Want to Use It: Analyzing the Usability of Popular Smartphone Password Managers Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 1937–1953, The 26th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security ACM, London, United Kingdom, 2019, ISBN: 978-1-4503-6747-9.
@inproceedings{Seiler-Hwang:2019:DSW:3319535.3354192,
title = {I Don'T See Why I Would Ever Want to Use It: Analyzing the Usability of Popular Smartphone Password Managers},
author = {Sunyoung Seiler-Hwang and Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and Andrés Marín and Florina Almenares and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Christian Becker},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3319535.3354192},
doi = {10.1145/3319535.3354192},
isbn = {978-1-4503-6747-9},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security},
pages = {1937--1953},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {London, United Kingdom},
organization = {The 26th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security},
series = {CCS '19},
abstract = {Passwords are an often unavoidable authentication mechanism, despite the availability of additional alternative means. In the case of smartphones, usability problems are aggravated because interaction happens through small screens and multilayer keyboards. While password managers (PMs) can improve this situation and contribute to hardening security, their adoption is far from widespread. To understand the underlying reasons, we conducted the first empirical usability study of mobile PMs, covering both quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Our findings show that popular PMs are barely acceptable according to the standard System Usability Scale, and that there are three key areas for improvement: integration with external applications, security, and user guidance and interaction. We build on the collected evidence to suggest recommendations that can fill this gap.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Passwords are an often unavoidable authentication mechanism, despite the availability of additional alternative means. In the case of smartphones, usability problems are aggravated because interaction happens through small screens and multilayer keyboards. While password managers (PMs) can improve this situation and contribute to hardening security, their adoption is far from widespread. To understand the underlying reasons, we conducted the first empirical usability study of mobile PMs, covering both quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Our findings show that popular PMs are barely acceptable according to the standard System Usability Scale, and that there are three key areas for improvement: integration with external applications, security, and user guidance and interaction. We build on the collected evidence to suggest recommendations that can fill this gap.
Almenarez, Florina; Alonso, Lucía; Marín, Andrés; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Arias, Patricia
Assessment of fitness tracker security: a case of study Proceedings Article
In: 2018, ISSN: 2504-3900.
@inproceedings{pa058,
title = {Assessment of fitness tracker security: a case of study},
author = {Florina Almenarez and Lucía Alonso and Andrés Marín and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Patricia Arias},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/2/19/1235},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2191235},
issn = {2504-3900},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-26},
abstract = {The wearable industry has experienced a notable growth over the last decade, especially in fitness or e-health trackers. These trackers bring new functionalities that require collecting a great amount of sensitive information about the user. This fact has made fitness trackers the target of deliberate attacks, e.g., eavesdropping, unauthorized account access, fake firmware update, and so on. For this reason, this paper describes a vulnerability study on one of the most popular fitness trackers in 2017, together with the mobile application associated to the tracker. The study results show what vulnerabilities of the communications among agents (i.e., wearable device, mobile application and server) could put at risk users sensitive information and privacy.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The wearable industry has experienced a notable growth over the last decade, especially in fitness or e-health trackers. These trackers bring new functionalities that require collecting a great amount of sensitive information about the user. This fact has made fitness trackers the target of deliberate attacks, e.g., eavesdropping, unauthorized account access, fake firmware update, and so on. For this reason, this paper describes a vulnerability study on one of the most popular fitness trackers in 2017, together with the mobile application associated to the tracker. The study results show what vulnerabilities of the communications among agents (i.e., wearable device, mobile application and server) could put at risk users sensitive information and privacy.
Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Marín-López, Andrés; Almenares-Mendoza, Florina; Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia
DNS-Based Dynamic Authentication for Microservices in IoT Proceedings Article
In: pp. 1-11, 2018, ISSN: 2504-3900.
@inproceedings{pa055,
title = {DNS-Based Dynamic Authentication for Microservices in IoT},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Andrés Marín-López and Florina Almenares-Mendoza and Patricia Arias-Cabarcos},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/2/19/1233},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2191233},
issn = {2504-3900},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-25},
pages = {1-11},
abstract = {IoT devices provide with real-time data to a rich ecosystems of services and applications that will be of uttermost importance for ubiquitous computing. The volume of data and the involved subscribe/notify signaling will likely become a challenge also for access and core netkworks. Designers may opt for microservice architectures and fog computing to address this challenge while offering the required flexibility for the main players of ubiquitous computing: nomadic users. Microservices require strong security support for Fog computing, to rely on nodes in the boundary of the network for secure data collection and processing. IoT low cost devices face outdated certificates and security support, due to the elapsed time from manufacture to deployment. In this paper we propose a solution based on microservice architectures and DNSSEC, DANE and chameleon signatures to overcome these difficulties. We will show how trap doors included in the certificates allow a secure and flexible delegation for off-loading data collection and processing to the fog. The main result is showing this requires minimal manufacture device configuration, thanks to DNSSEC support.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
IoT devices provide with real-time data to a rich ecosystems of services and applications that will be of uttermost importance for ubiquitous computing. The volume of data and the involved subscribe/notify signaling will likely become a challenge also for access and core netkworks. Designers may opt for microservice architectures and fog computing to address this challenge while offering the required flexibility for the main players of ubiquitous computing: nomadic users. Microservices require strong security support for Fog computing, to rely on nodes in the boundary of the network for secure data collection and processing. IoT low cost devices face outdated certificates and security support, due to the elapsed time from manufacture to deployment. In this paper we propose a solution based on microservice architectures and DNSSEC, DANE and chameleon signatures to overcome these difficulties. We will show how trap doors included in the certificates allow a secure and flexible delegation for off-loading data collection and processing to the fog. The main result is showing this requires minimal manufacture device configuration, thanks to DNSSEC support.
Rubio-Drosdov, E; Díaz-Sánchez, D; Almenárez, F; Arias-Cabarcos, P; Marín, A
Seamless human-device interaction in the internet of things Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 63, iss. 4, pp. 490-498, 2017, ISSN: 1558-4127.
@article{8246828,
title = {Seamless human-device interaction in the internet of things},
author = {E Rubio-Drosdov and D Díaz-Sánchez and F Almenárez and P Arias-Cabarcos and A Marín},
url = {/download/Seamless_Human-Device_Interaction_in_the_Internet_of_Things.pdf
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8246828},
doi = {10.1109/TCE.2017.015076},
issn = {1558-4127},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-01},
urldate = {2017-11-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics},
volume = {63},
issue = {4},
pages = {490-498},
abstract = {The Internet of Things will bring a scenario in which interaction between humans and devices will be critical to allow people to use, monitor or configure Internet of Things devices. Interactions in such applications are based on traditional graphical interfaces. Devices that accept interaction based on Natural Language, e.g., through voice commands, can understand basic human orders or answering questions whenever user expressions fit into a known language pattern. Some devices can understand natural language voice commands but require sophisticated voice assistants located in the cloud, which raises significant privacy concerns. Others devices which handle voice-processing locally can perform a very limited local recognition system, requiring users to be familiar with words the system can process. The purpose of this work is to diminish the complexity of Natural Language processing in the context of IoT. The solution posited in this article allows Internet of Things devices to offload Natural Language processing to a system that improves the use of Natural Language and alleviates the need to learn or remember specific words or terms intended for triggering device actions. We have evaluated the feasibility of the design with a proof-of-concept implemented in a home environment and it was tested by real users.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The Internet of Things will bring a scenario in which interaction between humans and devices will be critical to allow people to use, monitor or configure Internet of Things devices. Interactions in such applications are based on traditional graphical interfaces. Devices that accept interaction based on Natural Language, e.g., through voice commands, can understand basic human orders or answering questions whenever user expressions fit into a known language pattern. Some devices can understand natural language voice commands but require sophisticated voice assistants located in the cloud, which raises significant privacy concerns. Others devices which handle voice-processing locally can perform a very limited local recognition system, requiring users to be familiar with words the system can process. The purpose of this work is to diminish the complexity of Natural Language processing in the context of IoT. The solution posited in this article allows Internet of Things devices to offload Natural Language processing to a system that improves the use of Natural Language and alleviates the need to learn or remember specific words or terms intended for triggering device actions. We have evaluated the feasibility of the design with a proof-of-concept implemented in a home environment and it was tested by real users.
Sánchez-Guerrero, Rosa; Almenárez-Mendoza, Florina; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia; Marín-López, Andrés
Collaborative eHealth Meets Security: Privacy-Enhancing Patient Profile Management Journal Article
In: IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, vol. 21, iss. 6, pp. 1741-1749, 2017, ISSN: 2168-2194 .
@article{8003467,
title = {Collaborative eHealth Meets Security: Privacy-Enhancing Patient Profile Management},
author = {Rosa Sánchez-Guerrero and Florina Almenárez-Mendoza and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and Andrés Marín-López},
url = {/download/Collaborative_eHealth_meets_Security_Privacy-Enhancing_Patient_Profile_Management.pdf
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8003467},
doi = {10.1109/JBHI.2017.2655419},
issn = {2168-2194 },
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-01},
urldate = {2017-11-01},
journal = {IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics},
volume = {21},
issue = {6},
pages = {1741-1749},
abstract = {Collaborative healthcare environments offer potential benefits, including enhancing the healthcare quality delivered to patients and reducing costs. As a direct consequence, sharing of electronic health records (EHRs) among healthcare providers has experienced a noteworthy growth in the last years, since it enables physicians to remotely monitor patients' health and enables individuals to manage their own health data more easily. However, these scenarios face significant challenges regarding security and privacy of the extremely sensitive information contained in EHRs. Thus, a flexible, efficient, and standards-based solution is indispensable to guarantee selective identity information disclosure and preserve patient's privacy. We propose a privacy-aware profile management approach that empowers the patient role, enabling him to bring together various healthcare providers as well as user-generated claims into an unique credential. User profiles are represented through an adaptive Merkle Tree, for which we formalize the underlying mathematical model. Furthermore, performance of the proposed solution is empirically validated through simulation experiments.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Collaborative healthcare environments offer potential benefits, including enhancing the healthcare quality delivered to patients and reducing costs. As a direct consequence, sharing of electronic health records (EHRs) among healthcare providers has experienced a noteworthy growth in the last years, since it enables physicians to remotely monitor patients' health and enables individuals to manage their own health data more easily. However, these scenarios face significant challenges regarding security and privacy of the extremely sensitive information contained in EHRs. Thus, a flexible, efficient, and standards-based solution is indispensable to guarantee selective identity information disclosure and preserve patient's privacy. We propose a privacy-aware profile management approach that empowers the patient role, enabling him to bring together various healthcare providers as well as user-generated claims into an unique credential. User profiles are represented through an adaptive Merkle Tree, for which we formalize the underlying mathematical model. Furthermore, performance of the proposed solution is empirically validated through simulation experiments.
Pescador, Fernando; Lee, Jong-Hyouk; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel (Ed.)
Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), Book
IEEE, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-5090-5544-9.
@book{book003,
title = {Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), },
editor = {Fernando Pescador and Jong-Hyouk Lee and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/7886213/proceeding},
doi = {10.1109/ICCE39120.2017},
isbn = {978-1-5090-5544-9},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-04-04},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {2017 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE) took place January 8-10, 2017 in Las Vegas, NV, USA.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
2017 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE) took place January 8-10, 2017 in Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Simon-Sherratt, R.; Janko, Balazs; Hui, Terence; Harwin, William; Diaz-Sanchez, Daniel
Dictionary memory based software architecture for distributed Bluetooth Low Energy host controllers enabling high coverage in consumer residential healthcare environments Proceedings Article
In: 2017, ISBN: 978-1-5090-5545-6.
@inproceedings{pa001,
title = {Dictionary memory based software architecture for distributed Bluetooth Low Energy host controllers enabling high coverage in consumer residential healthcare environments},
author = {R. Simon-Sherratt and Balazs Janko and Terence Hui and William Harwin and Daniel Diaz-Sanchez},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7889373
},
doi = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7889373},
isbn = {978-1-5090-5545-6},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-10},
abstract = {Technology has been seen as a possible solution to the increasing costs of healthcare and the globally aging population. It is known that many elderly people prefer to stay in their homes for as long as possible and remote monitoring can be a solution, but often such systems lack useful information or are prohibitive due to cost, ease of use/deployment and wireless coverage. This work presents a novel gateway software architecture based on threads being managed by dictionary memory. The architecture has been deployed in a distributed interconnected set of low-cost consumer grade gateway devices using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) that are positioned around the home. The gateway devices can then be used to listen, monitor or connect to BLE based healthcare sensors to continually reveal information about the user with full residential coverage. A further novelty of this work is the ability to maintain handover connections between many sensors and many gateways as a user moves throughout their home, thus the gateways can route information to/from sensors across the consumer's home network. The system has been tested in an experimental house and is now poised to be initially deployed to 100 homes for residential healthcare monitoring before any public mass consumer deployment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Technology has been seen as a possible solution to the increasing costs of healthcare and the globally aging population. It is known that many elderly people prefer to stay in their homes for as long as possible and remote monitoring can be a solution, but often such systems lack useful information or are prohibitive due to cost, ease of use/deployment and wireless coverage. This work presents a novel gateway software architecture based on threads being managed by dictionary memory. The architecture has been deployed in a distributed interconnected set of low-cost consumer grade gateway devices using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) that are positioned around the home. The gateway devices can then be used to listen, monitor or connect to BLE based healthcare sensors to continually reveal information about the user with full residential coverage. A further novelty of this work is the ability to maintain handover connections between many sensors and many gateways as a user moves throughout their home, thus the gateways can route information to/from sensors across the consumer's home network. The system has been tested in an experimental house and is now poised to be initially deployed to 100 homes for residential healthcare monitoring before any public mass consumer deployment.
Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Simon-Sherratt, R.; Almenarez, Florina; Arias, Patricia; Marín, Andrés
Secure store and forward proxy for dynamic IoT applications over M2M networks Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 62, iss. 4, pp. 389-397, 2016, ISSN: 0098-3063.
@article{7838091,
title = {Secure store and forward proxy for dynamic IoT applications over M2M networks},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and R. Simon-Sherratt and Florina Almenarez and Patricia Arias and Andrés Marín},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7838091
https://phpmyadmin.pervasive.it.uc3m.es/download/Secure__Store_and_Forward_Proxy_for_Dynamic_IoT_Applications_over_M2M_Networks.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/TCE.2016.7838091},
issn = {0098-3063},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-11-01},
urldate = {2016-11-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics},
volume = {62},
issue = {4},
pages = {389-397},
abstract = {Internet of Things (IoT) applications are expected to generate a huge unforeseen amount of traffic flowing from Consumer Electronics devices to the network. In order to overcome existing interoperability problems, several standardization bodies have joined to bring a new generation of Machine to Machine (M2M) networks as a result of the evolution of wireless sensor/actor networks and mobile cellular networks to converged networks. M2M is expected to enable IoT paradigms and related concepts into a reality at a reasonable cost. As part of the convergence, several technologies preventing new IoT services to interfere with existing Internet services are flourishing. Responsive, message-driven, resilient and elastic architectures are becoming essential parts of the system. These architectures will control the entire data flow for an IoT system requiring sometimes to store, shape and forward data among nodes of a M2M network to improve network performance. However, IoT generated data have an important personal component since it is generated in personal devices or are the result of the observation of the physical world, so rises significant security concerns. This article proposes a novel opportunistic flexible secure store and forward proxy for M2M networks and its mapping to asynchronous protocols that guarantees data confidentiality.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Internet of Things (IoT) applications are expected to generate a huge unforeseen amount of traffic flowing from Consumer Electronics devices to the network. In order to overcome existing interoperability problems, several standardization bodies have joined to bring a new generation of Machine to Machine (M2M) networks as a result of the evolution of wireless sensor/actor networks and mobile cellular networks to converged networks. M2M is expected to enable IoT paradigms and related concepts into a reality at a reasonable cost. As part of the convergence, several technologies preventing new IoT services to interfere with existing Internet services are flourishing. Responsive, message-driven, resilient and elastic architectures are becoming essential parts of the system. These architectures will control the entire data flow for an IoT system requiring sometimes to store, shape and forward data among nodes of a M2M network to improve network performance. However, IoT generated data have an important personal component since it is generated in personal devices or are the result of the observation of the physical world, so rises significant security concerns. This article proposes a novel opportunistic flexible secure store and forward proxy for M2M networks and its mapping to asynchronous protocols that guarantees data confidentiality.
K-L-Hui, Terence; R-Sherratt, Simon; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel
Major requirements for building Smart Homes in Smart Cities based on Internet of Things technologies Journal Article
In: Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 76, pp. 358 - 369, 2016, ISSN: 0167-739X.
@article{HUI2017358,
title = {Major requirements for building Smart Homes in Smart Cities based on Internet of Things technologies},
author = {Terence K-L-Hui and Simon R-Sherratt and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X16304721
/download/Major_requirements_for_building_Smart_Homes_in_Smart_Cities_based.pdf},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2016.10.026},
issn = {0167-739X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-11-01},
urldate = {2016-11-01},
journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems},
volume = {76},
pages = {358 - 369},
abstract = {The recent boom in the Internet of Things (IoT) will turn Smart Cities and Smart Homes (SH) from hype to reality. SH is the major building block for Smart Cities and have long been a dream for decades, hobbyists in the late 1970s made Home Automation (HA) possible when personal computers started invading home spaces. While SH can share most of the IoT technologies, there are unique characteristics that make SH special. From the result of a recent research survey on SH and IoT technologies, this paper defines the major requirements for building SH. Seven unique requirement recommendations are defined and classified according to the specific quality of the SH building blocks.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The recent boom in the Internet of Things (IoT) will turn Smart Cities and Smart Homes (SH) from hype to reality. SH is the major building block for Smart Cities and have long been a dream for decades, hobbyists in the late 1970s made Home Automation (HA) possible when personal computers started invading home spaces. While SH can share most of the IoT technologies, there are unique characteristics that make SH special. From the result of a recent research survey on SH and IoT technologies, this paper defines the major requirements for building SH. Seven unique requirement recommendations are defined and classified according to the specific quality of the SH building blocks.
Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia; Marín, Andrés; Palacios, Diego; Almenárez, Florina; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel
Comparing Password Management Software: Toward Usable and Secure Enterprise Authentication Journal Article
In: IT Professional, vol. 18, iss. 5, pp. 34-40, 2016, ISSN: 1941-045X.
@article{7579116,
title = {Comparing Password Management Software: Toward Usable and Secure Enterprise Authentication},
author = {Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and Andrés Marín and Diego Palacios and Florina Almenárez and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7579116
https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2016.81
/download/ComparingPasswordManagementSoftware.pdf},
doi = {10.1109/MITP.2016.81},
issn = {1941-045X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-09-01},
urldate = {2016-09-01},
journal = {IT Professional},
volume = {18},
issue = {5},
pages = {34-40},
abstract = {In today's corporate IT systems, employees routinely repeat an undeniable pattern: accessing a huge number of password-protected services. In this regard, although deploying a strong enterprise password policy can increase security against online breaches and data leaks, it also imposes a significant usability burden on users. To alleviate this problem, password managers (PMs) are considered user-friendly tools that automate password generation and login processes. But how secure and usable are these tools? The authors analyze the four most popular PMs with free versions from both security and usability perspectives. The comparison leads to recommendations on enterprise PM selection, as well as to the identification of new lines of research and development on usable authentication.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In today's corporate IT systems, employees routinely repeat an undeniable pattern: accessing a huge number of password-protected services. In this regard, although deploying a strong enterprise password policy can increase security against online breaches and data leaks, it also imposes a significant usability burden on users. To alleviate this problem, password managers (PMs) are considered user-friendly tools that automate password generation and login processes. But how secure and usable are these tools? The authors analyze the four most popular PMs with free versions from both security and usability perspectives. The comparison leads to recommendations on enterprise PM selection, as well as to the identification of new lines of research and development on usable authentication.
Marín-López, Andrés; Almenáres-Mendoza, Florina; Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel
Wi-Fi Direct: Lessons learned Proceedings Article
In: 2016 Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2016, ISBN: 978-1-5090-1984-7.
@inproceedings{pa002,
title = {Wi-Fi Direct: Lessons learned},
author = {Andrés Marín-López and Florina Almenáres-Mendoza and Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7528493
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=7528493},
doi = {10.1109/MedHocNet.2016.7528493},
isbn = {978-1-5090-1984-7},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-08-04},
urldate = {2016-08-04},
booktitle = {2016 Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net)},
publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},
abstract = {Adhoc networking was initially designed for military application area. But adhoc networks have been found also appealing for autonomous computing. The adhoc mode of IEEE 802.11 (Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) has not been successful due to several reasons. Within this article we explore and compare two alternatives for adhoc network formation in heterogeneous environments: Wi-Fi P2P also known as Wi-Fi Direct, and Wi-Fi Hotspot. The comparison shows that there are usability, security and performance reasons to favor Hotspot for application development.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Adhoc networking was initially designed for military application area. But adhoc networks have been found also appealing for autonomous computing. The adhoc mode of IEEE 802.11 (Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) has not been successful due to several reasons. Within this article we explore and compare two alternatives for adhoc network formation in heterogeneous environments: Wi-Fi P2P also known as Wi-Fi Direct, and Wi-Fi Hotspot. The comparison shows that there are usability, security and performance reasons to favor Hotspot for application development.
Khaled, Omar; Marín, Andrés; Almenares, Florina; Arias, Patricia; Díaz, Daniel
Analysis of Secure TCP/IP Profile in 61850 Based Substation Automation System for Smart Grids Journal Article
In: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 12, iss. 4, pp. 1-11, 2016, ISSN: 1550-1477.
@article{khaled001,
title = {Analysis of Secure TCP/IP Profile in 61850 Based Substation Automation System for Smart Grids},
author = {Omar Khaled and Andrés Marín and Florina Almenares and Patricia Arias and Daniel Díaz},
url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1155/2016/5793183},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5793183},
issn = {1550-1477},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-18},
urldate = {2016-04-18},
journal = {International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks},
volume = {12},
issue = {4},
pages = {1-11},
abstract = {Smart grid is the term used to describe modern power grids. It aims at achieving efficient, sustainable, economic, and secure delivery of electricity supplies. In order to achieve these goals, communication between different components within the grid and control centers is required. In a rapidly growing world, the demands for substation automation are increasing. Recently, two trends have been changing Substation Automation Systems: IEC 61850 and the need for cybersecurity. IEC 61850 specifies very strict performance requirements for message transfer time. The security for the smart grid must be designed to satisfy both performance and reliability requirements. In this paper, we address a study about secure communication in the substation real-time environment, complying with the IEC 61850 specifications. We mainly focus on analyzing the proposed Secure TCP/IP profile for MMS, testing different cipher suite combinations and examining whether by applying TLS we can still achieve the strict performance requirements of IEC 61850 or not. As a result of the study, we propose a list of cipher suite combinations that should be used. The importance of this study lies mainly on future scenarios, because IEC 61850 is thought to support smart metering communications.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Smart grid is the term used to describe modern power grids. It aims at achieving efficient, sustainable, economic, and secure delivery of electricity supplies. In order to achieve these goals, communication between different components within the grid and control centers is required. In a rapidly growing world, the demands for substation automation are increasing. Recently, two trends have been changing Substation Automation Systems: IEC 61850 and the need for cybersecurity. IEC 61850 specifies very strict performance requirements for message transfer time. The security for the smart grid must be designed to satisfy both performance and reliability requirements. In this paper, we address a study about secure communication in the substation real-time environment, complying with the IEC 61850 specifications. We mainly focus on analyzing the proposed Secure TCP/IP profile for MMS, testing different cipher suite combinations and examining whether by applying TLS we can still achieve the strict performance requirements of IEC 61850 or not. As a result of the study, we propose a list of cipher suite combinations that should be used. The importance of this study lies mainly on future scenarios, because IEC 61850 is thought to support smart metering communications.
Bellido, Francisco; Vun, Nicholas; Dolar, Carsten; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Ling, Wing-Kuen (Ed.)
Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE) Book
IEEE, 2016, ISBN: 978-1-4673-8364-6 .
@book{book002,
title = {Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)},
editor = {Francisco Bellido and Nicholas Vun and Carsten Dolar and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Wing-Kuen Ling},
isbn = {978-1-4673-8364-6 },
year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-13},
urldate = {2016-04-13},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE) took place January 7-11, 2016 in Las Vegas, NV, USA.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE) took place January 7-11, 2016 in Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Sherratt, Simon; Arias, Patricia; Almenares, Florina; Marín-López, Andrés
Proxy re-encryption schemes for IoT and crowd sensing Proceedings Article
In: IEEE, 2016, ISSN: 2158-4001.
@inproceedings{pa004,
title = {Proxy re-encryption schemes for IoT and crowd sensing},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Simon Sherratt and Patricia Arias and Florina Almenares and Andrés Marín-López},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7430505},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.2016.7430505},
issn = {2158-4001},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-04-01},
urldate = {2016-04-01},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {IoT, crowd sensing and smart cities will be a traffic challenge. New communication paradigms as asynchronous messaging carry and forward, scheduled delivery and temporary storage will be needed to manage network resources dynamically. Since traditional end to end security will require keeping security associations among devices for a long time draining valuable resources, we propose and evaluate the use of proxy re-encryption protocols in these scenarios as a solution for reliable and flexible security.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
IoT, crowd sensing and smart cities will be a traffic challenge. New communication paradigms as asynchronous messaging carry and forward, scheduled delivery and temporary storage will be needed to manage network resources dynamically. Since traditional end to end security will require keeping security associations among devices for a long time draining valuable resources, we propose and evaluate the use of proxy re-encryption protocols in these scenarios as a solution for reliable and flexible security.
Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Sherratt, Simon; Almenares, Florina; Arias, Patricia; López, Andrés Marín-
Distributed access control and privacy for the internet of me Proceedings Article
In: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), IEEE, 2016, ISSN: 2158-4001.
@inproceedings{pa003,
title = {Distributed access control and privacy for the internet of me},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Simon Sherratt and Florina Almenares and Patricia Arias and Andrés Marín- López},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7430506},
doi = {10.1109/ICCE.2016.7430506},
issn = {2158-4001},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-14},
booktitle = {2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {This article presents an experimental scalable message driven IoT and its security architecture based on Decentralized Information Flow Control. The system uses a gateway that exports SoA (REST) interfaces to the internet simplifying external applications whereas uses DIFC and asynchronous messaging within the home environment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This article presents an experimental scalable message driven IoT and its security architecture based on Decentralized Information Flow Control. The system uses a gateway that exports SoA (REST) interfaces to the internet simplifying external applications whereas uses DIFC and asynchronous messaging within the home environment.
Almenarez, Florina; Hinarejos, M. Francisca; Marín, Andrés; Ferrer-Gomila, Josep Lluís; Sánchez, Daniel Díaz
PECEVA: An adaptable and energy-saving credential validation solution for pervasive networks Journal Article
In: INFORMATION SCIENCES, vol. 354, pp. 41-59, 2016, ISSN: 0020-0255.
@article{almenarez005,
title = {PECEVA: An adaptable and energy-saving credential validation solution for pervasive networks},
author = {Florina Almenarez and M. Francisca Hinarejos and Andrés Marín and Josep Lluís Ferrer-Gomila and Daniel Díaz Sánchez},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0020025516301578?via%3Dihub},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2016.03.010},
issn = {0020-0255},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-12},
urldate = {2016-03-12},
journal = {INFORMATION SCIENCES},
volume = {354},
pages = {41-59},
abstract = {Wireless, mobile, and context-awareness applications are considered to be the epitome of pervasive computing, but they bring with them the inherent security challenges of mobile ad-hoc networking. Mobile ad-hoc networks are mainly formed by mobile users, which can belong to different trust domains, in order to leverage the wealth of pervasive resources and available capabilities. The use of digital certificates is suitable for pervasive networking because of its decentralized and dynamic nature. Nevertheless, the validation of such certificates can become a more complex and costly process than it is in fixed-infrastructure networks. This is because pervasive networks face challenges such as environments that change with a certain degree of randomness, ad-hoc interactions with foreign devices, temporal disconnections that make it difficult to access updated and required information, and limited devices running costly processes. For these reasons, we propose a user-centric architecture that extends the validation of digital certificates in an adaptive way. The main contribution consists of a decision engine that takes advantage of the specific local and external resources in an opportunistic fashion. The solution preserves the security level required for each application and the resource consumption of the user device.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wireless, mobile, and context-awareness applications are considered to be the epitome of pervasive computing, but they bring with them the inherent security challenges of mobile ad-hoc networking. Mobile ad-hoc networks are mainly formed by mobile users, which can belong to different trust domains, in order to leverage the wealth of pervasive resources and available capabilities. The use of digital certificates is suitable for pervasive networking because of its decentralized and dynamic nature. Nevertheless, the validation of such certificates can become a more complex and costly process than it is in fixed-infrastructure networks. This is because pervasive networks face challenges such as environments that change with a certain degree of randomness, ad-hoc interactions with foreign devices, temporal disconnections that make it difficult to access updated and required information, and limited devices running costly processes. For these reasons, we propose a user-centric architecture that extends the validation of digital certificates in an adaptive way. The main contribution consists of a decision engine that takes advantage of the specific local and external resources in an opportunistic fashion. The solution preserves the security level required for each application and the resource consumption of the user device.
Diaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Sherratt, Simon; Arias, Patricia; Almenarez, Florina; Marín, Andrés
Enabling actor model for crowd sensing and IoT Proceedings Article
In: IEEE, 2015, ISSN: 0747-668X.
@inproceedings{pa006,
title = {Enabling actor model for crowd sensing and IoT},
author = {Daniel Diaz-Sánchez and Simon Sherratt and Patricia Arias and Florina Almenarez and Andrés Marín},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7177779},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCE.2015.7177779},
issn = {0747-668X},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-08-06},
urldate = {2015-08-06},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {The cloud is playing a very important role in wireless sensor network, crowd sensing and IoT data collection and processing. However, current cloud solutions lack of some features that hamper the innovation a number of other new services. We propose a cloud solution that provides these missing features as multi-cloud and device multi-tenancy relying in a whole different fully distributed paradigm, the actor model.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The cloud is playing a very important role in wireless sensor network, crowd sensing and IoT data collection and processing. However, current cloud solutions lack of some features that hamper the innovation a number of other new services. We propose a cloud solution that provides these missing features as multi-cloud and device multi-tenancy relying in a whole different fully distributed paradigm, the actor model.
Rubio-Drosdov, Eugenio; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia; Almenárez, Florina; Marín, Andrés
Towards a seamless human interaction in IoT Proceedings Article
In: IEEE, 2015, ISSN: 0747-668X.
@inproceedings{pa016,
title = {Towards a seamless human interaction in IoT},
author = {Eugenio Rubio-Drosdov and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and Florina Almenárez and Andrés Marín},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7177781},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCE.2015.7177781},
issn = {0747-668X},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-08-06},
urldate = {2015-08-06},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {This article describes our approach for facilitating the interaction among devices in IoT environments. Our solution provides mechanisms to complement current IoT ontologies with device language annotations to facilitate device communication. This is our first step towards comprehensive user to environment communication that would bring the Internet of Me concept.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This article describes our approach for facilitating the interaction among devices in IoT environments. Our solution provides mechanisms to complement current IoT ontologies with device language annotations to facilitate device communication. This is our first step towards comprehensive user to environment communication that would bring the Internet of Me concept.
Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia; Almenárez, Florina; Trapero, Rubén; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Marín, Andrés
Blended Identity: Pervasive IdM for Continuous Authentication Journal Article
In: IEEE Xplore, vol. 13, iss. 3, pp. 32-39, 2015, ISSN: 1540-7993.
@article{ariascabarcos002,
title = {Blended Identity: Pervasive IdM for Continuous Authentication},
author = {Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and Florina Almenárez and Rubén Trapero and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Andrés Marín},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7118079},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2015.62},
issn = {1540-7993},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-04},
urldate = {2015-06-04},
journal = {IEEE Xplore},
volume = {13},
issue = {3},
pages = {32-39},
abstract = {A proper identity management approach is necessary for pervasive computing to be invisible to users. Federated identity management is key to achieving efficient identity blending and natural integration in the physical and online layers where users, devices, and services are present.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A proper identity management approach is necessary for pervasive computing to be invisible to users. Federated identity management is key to achieving efficient identity blending and natural integration in the physical and online layers where users, devices, and services are present.
Pescador, F.; Sanz, C.; Jaureguizar, F.; Groba, Ángel; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel
Proceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on Consumer Electronics Book
IEEE, 2015.
@book{book001,
title = {Proceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on Consumer Electronics},
author = {F. Pescador and C. Sanz and F. Jaureguizar and Ángel Groba and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-06-01},
publisher = {IEEE},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {book}
}
Díaz-Sanchez, Daniel; Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia; Almenarez, Florina; Marín-López, Andrés
P2P-based data layer for mobile Media Cloud Proceedings Article
In: IEEE, 2015, ISSN: 2158-3994.
@inproceedings{pa005,
title = {P2P-based data layer for mobile Media Cloud},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sanchez and Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and Florina Almenarez and Andrés Marín-López},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7066362},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.2015.7066362},
issn = {2158-3994},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-03-26},
urldate = {2015-03-26},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {This paper focus in an emerging concept called Elastic Personal Computing that is the ability to distribute data processing among multiple personal devices that constitute a mobile cloud. Among the most complex challenges is to provide data layer for the system to exchange input data transparently among nodes considering the data partitioning is application specific. Implementing data layers with replication and load distribution strategies is not feasible due to mobility, intermittent availability and the distributed character of mobile cloud systems. This article reasons about the problem and presents a P2P based data layer for distributed computing using personal devices.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper focus in an emerging concept called Elastic Personal Computing that is the ability to distribute data processing among multiple personal devices that constitute a mobile cloud. Among the most complex challenges is to provide data layer for the system to exchange input data transparently among nodes considering the data partitioning is application specific. Implementing data layers with replication and load distribution strategies is not feasible due to mobility, intermittent availability and the distributed character of mobile cloud systems. This article reasons about the problem and presents a P2P based data layer for distributed computing using personal devices.
Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Sánchez-Guerrero, Rosa; Arias, Patricia; Almenarez, Florina; Marín, Andrés
A distributed transcoding and content protection system: Enabling pay per quality using the cloud Journal Article
In: Telecommunication Systems, vol. 61, iss. 1, pp. 59 - 76, 2015, ISSN: 1572-9451.
@article{diazsanchez002,
title = {A distributed transcoding and content protection system: Enabling pay per quality using the cloud},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Rosa Sánchez-Guerrero and Patricia Arias and Florina Almenarez and Andrés Marín },
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11235-014-9952-x},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-014-9952-x},
issn = {1572-9451},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
urldate = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Telecommunication Systems},
volume = {61},
issue = {1},
pages = {59 - 76},
abstract = {Video coding is a process for adapting media content to the constraints of transmission networks delivery and terminal device visualization. Moreover, content protection is also necessary. Nowadays the heterogeneity of client devices is increasing leading to different resolutions, qualities and form factors. Due to this, transcoding and protection are essential processes to be conducted in modern video distribution networks to adapt video to devices and network constraints and to enable pay per quality schemas enforcing content licenses. Unfortunately, transcoding and protection can be no longer considered linear since every single content should be transcoded in several formats and sometimes protected, so it would require a long time to finish. Modern scalable coding techniques, as H264 SVC, can help to save processing power and bandwidth providing in a single stream several video versions. However, if the enhancements of a SVC encoded content are protected separately, it would possible to enable pay-per-quality providing an additional degree of freedom to content delivery industry. Unfortunatelly, transcoding and protection entail huge doses of processing power at provider side and should be distributed. Moreover, processing key streams to decrypt enhancements that were encrypted separately can increase the complexity at receiver side. Cloud computing emerges as a potential solution for coping with large population of users with heterogeneous visualization devices. The elastic nature of cloud computing can be an advantage given the difficulty to predict the computing resources video content would require to be distributed during the entire content life. This article describes a system that distributes and parallelizes the video transcoding process as well as the content encryption, following the SaaS approach in cloud computing. Moreover, the article describes an experimental approach for generating and processing a flexible key stream that would help to simplify key management at receiver side and would allow legacy receivers to consume SVC content with separate enhancement protection.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Video coding is a process for adapting media content to the constraints of transmission networks delivery and terminal device visualization. Moreover, content protection is also necessary. Nowadays the heterogeneity of client devices is increasing leading to different resolutions, qualities and form factors. Due to this, transcoding and protection are essential processes to be conducted in modern video distribution networks to adapt video to devices and network constraints and to enable pay per quality schemas enforcing content licenses. Unfortunately, transcoding and protection can be no longer considered linear since every single content should be transcoded in several formats and sometimes protected, so it would require a long time to finish. Modern scalable coding techniques, as H264 SVC, can help to save processing power and bandwidth providing in a single stream several video versions. However, if the enhancements of a SVC encoded content are protected separately, it would possible to enable pay-per-quality providing an additional degree of freedom to content delivery industry. Unfortunatelly, transcoding and protection entail huge doses of processing power at provider side and should be distributed. Moreover, processing key streams to decrypt enhancements that were encrypted separately can increase the complexity at receiver side. Cloud computing emerges as a potential solution for coping with large population of users with heterogeneous visualization devices. The elastic nature of cloud computing can be an advantage given the difficulty to predict the computing resources video content would require to be distributed during the entire content life. This article describes a system that distributes and parallelizes the video transcoding process as well as the content encryption, following the SaaS approach in cloud computing. Moreover, the article describes an experimental approach for generating and processing a flexible key stream that would help to simplify key management at receiver side and would allow legacy receivers to consume SVC content with separate enhancement protection.
Díaz-Sanchez, Daniel; Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia; Sánchez-Guerrero, Rosa; Almenarez, Florina; Marín-Lopez, Andrés
Elastic participatory sensing systems enabling cooperative meta sensors with consumer devices Proceedings Article
In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), IEEE, 2014, ISSN: 2158-3994.
@inproceedings{pa007,
title = {Elastic participatory sensing systems enabling cooperative meta sensors with consumer devices},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sanchez and Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and Rosa Sánchez-Guerrero and Florina Almenarez and Andrés Marín-Lopez},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6776058},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.2014.6776058},
issn = {2158-3994},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-03-20},
booktitle = {2014 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {Participatory Sensing systems can take benefit of the distributed processing personal consumer devices can provide since sensors can be grouped in meta-sensors and measures can be processed in a distributed fashion saving costs and improving the coverage. This abstract presents a solution introducing the concept of personal meta-sensor and provides a lightweight framework to consume and process measures.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Participatory Sensing systems can take benefit of the distributed processing personal consumer devices can provide since sensors can be grouped in meta-sensors and measures can be processed in a distributed fashion saving costs and improving the coverage. This abstract presents a solution introducing the concept of personal meta-sensor and provides a lightweight framework to consume and process measures.
Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Almenarez, Florina; Marín, Andrés; Sánchez-Guerrero, Rosa; Arias, Patricia
Media Gateway: bringing privacy to Private Multimedia Clouds connections Journal Article
In: Telecommunication Systems, vol. 55, iss. 2, pp. 315-330, 2014, ISSN: 1572-9451.
@article{diazsanchez001,
title = {Media Gateway: bringing privacy to Private Multimedia Clouds connections},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Florina Almenarez and Andrés Marín and Rosa Sánchez-Guerrero and Patricia Arias },
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11235-013-9783-1},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-013-9783-1},
issn = {1572-9451},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-02-01},
urldate = {2014-02-01},
journal = {Telecommunication Systems},
volume = {55},
issue = {2},
pages = {315-330},
abstract = {The growing interest in media sharing combined with the explosion of social applications have opened an opportunity window for cloud based applications for media management as Media Cloud, described in this article, that has brought the concept of Cloud Computing to home environments. Media Cloud provides a comprehensive and efficient solution for managing content among federated home environments. As part of the purpose of empowering the user role as well as to improve user experience, we placed significant efforts on interoperability and privacy protection when it comes to accessing cloud resources from other networks. This article describes a solution that enables limited devices to access contents located in private clouds, as Media Cloud, with the cooperation of network providers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The growing interest in media sharing combined with the explosion of social applications have opened an opportunity window for cloud based applications for media management as Media Cloud, described in this article, that has brought the concept of Cloud Computing to home environments. Media Cloud provides a comprehensive and efficient solution for managing content among federated home environments. As part of the purpose of empowering the user role as well as to improve user experience, we placed significant efforts on interoperability and privacy protection when it comes to accessing cloud resources from other networks. This article describes a solution that enables limited devices to access contents located in private clouds, as Media Cloud, with the cooperation of network providers.
Almenares, Florina; Arias, Patricia; Marín, Andrés; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Sánchez, Rosa
Overhead of using Secure Wireless Communications in Mobile Computing Journal Article
In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, vol. 59, iss. 2, pp. 335-342, 2013, ISSN: 0098-3063.
@article{almenarez004,
title = {Overhead of using Secure Wireless Communications in Mobile Computing},
author = {Florina Almenares and Patricia Arias and Andrés Marín and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Rosa Sánchez
},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6531115
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6531115},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2013.6531115},
issn = {0098-3063},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-05-06},
urldate = {2013-05-06},
journal = {IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS},
volume = {59},
issue = {2},
pages = {335-342},
abstract = {Secure wireless communications are fundamental in any interaction in order to avoid security and privacy breaches, especially from mobile devices. The use of this kind of communications is far more frequent and the number of users increases day after day. This paper shows and analyzes the support, performance and consumption of cryptographic algorithms and cipher suites in terms of time and energy when secure communications (i.e., using SSL) are established according to different security levels. This study has been performed in distinct operating systems, and using different browsers and libraries.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Secure wireless communications are fundamental in any interaction in order to avoid security and privacy breaches, especially from mobile devices. The use of this kind of communications is far more frequent and the number of users increases day after day. This paper shows and analyzes the support, performance and consumption of cryptographic algorithms and cipher suites in terms of time and energy when secure communications (i.e., using SSL) are established according to different security levels. This study has been performed in distinct operating systems, and using different browsers and libraries.
Bernabé-Sánchez, Iván; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Muñoz-Organero, Mario
Optimizing OSGi Services on Gateways Proceedings Article
In: Ambient Intelligence - Software and Applications, pp. 155-162, Springer International Publishing, 2013, ISBN: 978-3-319-00565-2.
@inproceedings{pa009,
title = {Optimizing OSGi Services on Gateways},
author = {Iván Bernabé-Sánchez and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Mario Muñoz-Organero },
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-00566-9_20},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00566-9_20},
isbn = {978-3-319-00565-2},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-04-03},
urldate = {2013-04-03},
booktitle = {Ambient Intelligence - Software and Applications},
volume = {219},
pages = {155-162},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
abstract = {Currently, the number of devices and services contained in the user’s home has considerably grown. Sometimes these devices are provided and managed remotely by service providers by facilitating installation or uninstallation of services. In a typical situation service providers install their services in the user’s home gateway from their remote repositories, regardless of the rest of the software installed on it. However, when various service providers work on a given gateway, the number of services and components installed on it increases. Therefore it is possible that this fact may lead to duplication or replacement of components necessary for other installed services, causing performance problems or service interruptions. This paper presents a system for analyzing and automatically optimizing the OSGi components deployed on a home gateway.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Currently, the number of devices and services contained in the user’s home has considerably grown. Sometimes these devices are provided and managed remotely by service providers by facilitating installation or uninstallation of services. In a typical situation service providers install their services in the user’s home gateway from their remote repositories, regardless of the rest of the software installed on it. However, when various service providers work on a given gateway, the number of services and components installed on it increases. Therefore it is possible that this fact may lead to duplication or replacement of components necessary for other installed services, causing performance problems or service interruptions. This paper presents a system for analyzing and automatically optimizing the OSGi components deployed on a home gateway.
Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Marín-López, Andres; Almenares, Florina; Sánchez, Rosa; Arias, Patricia
Flexible Computing for personal electronic devices Proceedings Article
In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), IEEE, 2013, ISSN: 2158-3994.
@inproceedings{pa008,
title = {Flexible Computing for personal electronic devices},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Andres Marín-López and Florina Almenares and Rosa Sánchez and Patricia Arias},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6486863},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.2013.6486863},
issn = {2158-3994},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-03-28},
booktitle = {2013 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {This article describes an experimental framework for Android called Light Weight Map Reduce that pursues enabling Elastic Personal Computing, a refinement of the Elastic Computing concept that allows personal electronics to automatically distribute the load among devices constituting a computing fabric seamlessly.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This article describes an experimental framework for Android called Light Weight Map Reduce that pursues enabling Elastic Personal Computing, a refinement of the Elastic Computing concept that allows personal electronics to automatically distribute the load among devices constituting a computing fabric seamlessly.
Almenares, Florina; Arias, Patricia; Marín-López, Andrés; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Sánchez, Rosa
How costly are secure transactions on handheld devices? Proceedings Article
In: IEEE, 2013, ISSN: 2158-3994.
@inproceedings{pa010,
title = {How costly are secure transactions on handheld devices?},
author = {Florina Almenares and Patricia Arias and Andrés Marín-López and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Rosa Sánchez},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6486865},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.2013.6486865},
issn = {2158-3994},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-03-08},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {Handheld devices are more and more powerful allowing to do most things people do on a desktop. Nevertheless, mobile device security follows being an open issue. We have performed the first study of the security support between native and OpenSSL-based libraries, in terms of energy consumption and time, about secure communication performance.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Handheld devices are more and more powerful allowing to do most things people do on a desktop. Nevertheless, mobile device security follows being an open issue. We have performed the first study of the security support between native and OpenSSL-based libraries, in terms of energy consumption and time, about secure communication performance.
Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Marín-López, Andrés; Almenarez, Florina; Sánchez-Guerrero, Rosa; Arias, Patricia
A distributed transcoding system for mobile video delivery Proceedings Article
In: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2013, ISBN: 978-1-4673-2993-4.
@inproceedings{pa019,
title = {A distributed transcoding system for mobile video delivery},
author = {Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Andrés Marín-López and Florina Almenarez and Rosa Sánchez-Guerrero and Patricia Arias},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6416151},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/WMNC.2012.6416151},
isbn = {978-1-4673-2993-4},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-24},
publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},
abstract = {The heterogeneity of client devices is increasing leading to different resolutions, qualities and form factors. Due to the amount of multimedia to be processed, transcoding and protection can be no longer performed linearly. For that reason, this article describes a solution to distribute and parallelize the transcoding process as well as the content encryption relying on cloud computing. Moreover, this article shows the benefits of this approach showing several experimental results.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The heterogeneity of client devices is increasing leading to different resolutions, qualities and form factors. Due to the amount of multimedia to be processed, transcoding and protection can be no longer performed linearly. For that reason, this article describes a solution to distribute and parallelize the transcoding process as well as the content encryption relying on cloud computing. Moreover, this article shows the benefits of this approach showing several experimental results.
Sánchez-Guerrero, Rosa; Almenárez, Florina; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Arias, Patricia; Marín, Andrés
A model for dimensioning a secure event-driven health care system Proceedings Article
In: 2012 5th Joint IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2013, ISBN: 978-1-4673-2993-4.
@inproceedings{pa020,
title = {A model for dimensioning a secure event-driven health care system},
author = {Rosa Sánchez-Guerrero and Florina Almenárez and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Patricia Arias and Andrés Marín},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6416152},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/WMNC.2012.6416152},
isbn = {978-1-4673-2993-4},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-24},
urldate = {2013-01-24},
booktitle = {2012 5th Joint IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC)},
publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},
abstract = {Privacy is close to the user information and thus, present in any ubiquitous computing scenario. In this sense, privacy in identity management is gaining more importance, since IdM systems deal with services that requires sharing attributes belonging to users' identity with different entities across security domains. However, the effective revocation consent -considered as a privacy rule in sensitive scenarios- has not been fully addressed. This article builds on the flexible event-based user consent-revocation mechanism defined in [4] for health care scenarios. In this article we analyze the network dimensioning to calculate the overhead of activating/deactivating attributes and privileges, as subscription and notification event messages exchanged. We consider two main simulation scenarios: a large hospital, and a small-medium hospital.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Privacy is close to the user information and thus, present in any ubiquitous computing scenario. In this sense, privacy in identity management is gaining more importance, since IdM systems deal with services that requires sharing attributes belonging to users' identity with different entities across security domains. However, the effective revocation consent -considered as a privacy rule in sensitive scenarios- has not been fully addressed. This article builds on the flexible event-based user consent-revocation mechanism defined in [4] for health care scenarios. In this article we analyze the network dimensioning to calculate the overhead of activating/deactivating attributes and privileges, as subscription and notification event messages exchanged. We consider two main simulation scenarios: a large hospital, and a small-medium hospital.
Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia; Almenárez-Mendoza, Florina; Sánchez-Guerrero, Rosa; Marín-López, Andrés; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel
SuSSo: Seamless and Ubiquitous Single Sign-on for Cloud Service Continuity across devices Journal Article
In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, vol. 58, iss. 4, pp. 1425-1433, 2012, ISSN: 0098-3063.
@article{ariascabarcos004,
title = {SuSSo: Seamless and Ubiquitous Single Sign-on for Cloud Service Continuity across devices},
author = {Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and Florina Almenárez-Mendoza and Rosa Sánchez-Guerrero and Andrés Marín-López and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6415016
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6415016},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2012.6415016},
issn = {0098-3063},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-11-01},
urldate = {2012-11-01},
journal = {IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS},
volume = {58},
issue = {4},
pages = {1425-1433},
abstract = {The great variety of consumer electronic devices with support of wireless communications combined with the emerging Cloud Computing paradigm is paving the way to real anytime/anywhere computing. In this context, many services, such as music or video streaming, are delivered to the clients using Cloud-based providers. However, service continuity when moving across different terminals is still a major challenge. This paper proposes SuSSo, a novel middleware architecture that allows sessions initiated from one device to be seamlessly transferred to a second one, as might be desirable in the enjoyment of long running media.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The great variety of consumer electronic devices with support of wireless communications combined with the emerging Cloud Computing paradigm is paving the way to real anytime/anywhere computing. In this context, many services, such as music or video streaming, are delivered to the clients using Cloud-based providers. However, service continuity when moving across different terminals is still a major challenge. This paper proposes SuSSo, a novel middleware architecture that allows sessions initiated from one device to be seamlessly transferred to a second one, as might be desirable in the enjoyment of long running media.
Marín-López, Andrés; Díaz-Sánchez, Daniel; Almenárez-Mendoza, Florina; Arias-Cabarcos, Patricia; Sánchez-Guerrero, Rosa; Sanvido, Fabio
Private cloud and media privacy in social networks Proceedings Article
In: 2012 IEEE Second International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin), IEEE, 2012, ISSN: 2166-6814.
@inproceedings{pa011,
title = {Private cloud and media privacy in social networks},
author = {Andrés Marín-López and Daniel Díaz-Sánchez and Florina Almenárez-Mendoza and Patricia Arias-Cabarcos and Rosa Sánchez-Guerrero and Fabio Sanvido},
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6336476},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE-Berlin.2012.6336476},
issn = {2166-6814},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-10-22},
booktitle = {2012 IEEE Second International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin)},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {Privacy rules imposed by social networks (SNs) impose several restrictions to user privacy. Though they usually offer the user some control to limit access to his own data, the social network may share uploaded data with other partners and marketing companies. Pictures and videos may have a second life, even after being deleted by the user, and consequently storage and access must take place in the user home domain or facilities managed by the user, following an end to end approach. We propose to combine the usage of private clouds, specialized in media contents, in cooperation with SNs, offering the user complete control over his data, while benefiting from the SNs visibility to announce and spread the data. To achieve transparency, we propose a plug-in system to embed links as annotations in reduced media replacement uploaded in the SN. These links point to the real resource stored in the private cloud, now under complete user control. We perform validation tests which show important improvements in uploading time and user experience.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Privacy rules imposed by social networks (SNs) impose several restrictions to user privacy. Though they usually offer the user some control to limit access to his own data, the social network may share uploaded data with other partners and marketing companies. Pictures and videos may have a second life, even after being deleted by the user, and consequently storage and access must take place in the user home domain or facilities managed by the user, following an end to end approach. We propose to combine the usage of private clouds, specialized in media contents, in cooperation with SNs, offering the user complete control over his data, while benefiting from the SNs visibility to announce and spread the data. To achieve transparency, we propose a plug-in system to embed links as annotations in reduced media replacement uploaded in the SN. These links point to the real resource stored in the private cloud, now under complete user control. We perform validation tests which show important improvements in uploading time and user experience.